Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (11-15)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/11-15

Research Article By:

Firas Fouad Abdullah

Corresponding author E-mail: firas77fuad@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Titanium – Aluminum niobium oxide composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The effect of Nb₂O₅ ratio addition with (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 wt %) ontheirmechanical, thermal, and microstructure were investigated. By introducing 2.5 % of Nb₂O₅ the hardness and compressive strength were increased approximately 20% and 46% respectively more than that of pure sample. while weight loss decreased to 4 2% at same ratio. Thermal Conductivity of composite in different temperatures (25, 50, 75 and 100 °C) was decreased 39, 43, 49, and 53 % respectively. Ti-6Al- 2.5 % Nb₂O₅ composite formed porous shape with niobium oxide. This kind of composite could be a promising candidate for implant material.

Keywords: Titanium aluminum Alloys; Niobium Oxide; composite Materials; Dental Implants

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (01-10)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/01-10

Research Article By:

Sarah Abdulaali Rashid Kbah, Entisar Abbas Mohammad and Ahmed Abdulaali Rashid Kbah

Corresponding author E-mail: saraa.kubbah@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The research investigates the wealth and richness of the heritage markets in the center of old Najaf city, which considers one of the most prominent urban landmarks and the tissue cells that make up the city and an essential element in its emergence. An attempt to explore whether, (the market) as cultural heritage is deteriorating or the processes of development and change are compatible with its historical value, thus knowing the extent to which its richness and urban spatial value have been preserved in the city. Hence the idea of research in defining the vocabulary that contributes to maintaining the richness of the heritage markets in general and the great Najaf market as a special case study and to identify how to preserve the richness of this landmark through time, hence the problem of research in “the lack of knowledge about identifying the mechanisms of preserving the richness of this landmark over time. Heritage markets and the diagnosis of the appropriate mechanisms and procedures to reveal the extent of maintaining their urban wealth “. Studies dealt with the promotion of needs either or not, and the application of these terms to the great market of the city of Najaf. The research concluded that enhancing wealth and preserving the value of markets depends on in two basic words, namely (the formal level) to highlight the urban language of the place and (the morphological level) to confirm structural interconnectedness, which is considered the basic bases for managing wealth and enhancing its historical and heritage value within urban city centers.

Keywords: Historical cities, heritage markets, vibrant heritage, Najaf Grand Bazaar, Najaf city

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (31-37)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/31-37

Research Article By:

Mohammed Mizal Rashid

Corresponding author E-mail: mohammed.rashid@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In the current study, the Iron Aluminide FeAl was prepared using powder metallurgy technology. The mechanical properties of the compound. FeAl can be improved by adding boron and molybdenum Mo. So, adding B and Mo As a result of an increase in the compressive strength of the semi-metallic compound FeAl a compressive strength of (466.5) MPa and (415) Mpa was when adding obtained (0.3% B) and 1. 5% Mo while when adding boron and, respectively, molybdenum together with ratios 0.3% B+1.5% Mo it led to an increase in the compressive, strength to 498.3 Mpa, As for the hardness test, adding 1.5% Mo increased the hardness of the semi-metallic compound FeAl to (298.3) Mpa, which was, (260) MPa for samples without any addition, and when adding 0.3% B (the hardness value became (2681) MPa), but when adding, (0.3%) B+1.5% Mo it was found that the hardness value reaches (303) MPa. As for the sliding wear test (found that the addition of was It 1.5% Mo reduces the slip wear rate of the compound FeAl to (4*10 ^-10 g/Cm) as well as adding, 0.3% Reduced the slip wear rate to 110 ^-9 g/ Cm, while the slip wear value of the compound FeAl without any addition was (210^-6 g/Cmv). The addition of 0.3% B+1.5% Mo to led to a reduction in the slip wear rate g/Cm), (3.3 * 10 ^-11).

Keywords: Microstructure, aluminides, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (22-30)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/22-30

Research Article By:

Zainab Razaq Mahdi and Firas Alrawi

Corresponding author E-mail: zrm1995.itrdc1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The city represents a dynamic spatial organization formed by a group of inhabitants, elements and activities that are interrelated and interacted to form a special urban system. As a result of the accumulation of changes over time in urban land uses, some urban changes take place, which are reflected on changing its spatial organization and urban uses. Riverbank cities, like other cities, are spatially and interactively regulated by many effects. However, having a river as an integral part of the urban composition of the city, it has an impact on these uses and their organization over time. the research problem is exposed from this idea which is represented by the unclear functional relationship of the Euphrates River on the regulation of the land uses in the City of Samawah.  The study assumes that the river has an impact on the functional relationship affecting the regulation of land uses in the city of Samawah.  Using GIS, urban transformations of land use around the river in the city of Samawah have been monitored, using the multiple linear regression method, the functional relationship between the distance from the river as a subordinate variable and the land uses as independent variables is analyzed. Thus, to arrive at explanatory regression equations that reflect the effect of shifts in the organization of the spatial structure of the sample study area to achieve the research objectives. The study has concluded that the urban uses of the city of Samawah were inversely related with moving away from the river.

Keywords: River cities, multiple linear regression, spatial organization, land use, impact

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (13-21)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/13-21

Research Article By:

Zainab Madlool, Khalid Mosa and Ahmed Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: zainb19977777@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The overall objective of the current study was to investigate the possibilities of using Fenton oxidation (Photo-oxidation) as a mechanism of COD elimination that is available in sunflower wastewater (SWW). It’s chiefly appropriate aimed at the handling of organic, and at current, it is one of the most promising advanced oxidation skills. Precisely, rapid Fenton oxidation, which features high elimination competence, thorough reactions, insignificant subordinate contamination, etc., has led to numerous studies on by means of the Fenton reaction toward destroy COD in SWW. In investigational studies, finest experimental limits for example Fenton’s reagent, pH, temperature, Irradiation time and light intensity were determined. 98.41% and 78.29 % COD removal for photo-Fenton and Fenton process correspondingly were found. The adding of UV radiation toward the Fenton technique occasioned in improved squalor of COD elimination. Though the best irradiation time of the Fenton process was 150 min, the best reaction time of the photo-Fenton process was 120 min.

Keywords: Sunflower wastewater, wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2021), Pages (09-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-02/09-16

Research Article By:

Seror Manea Bahloos

Corresponding author E-mail: seror.manea@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The suggested effort is an endeavor to regulate the speed of the car using computer software that allows the owner to obtain information about the driver’s position, speed, and activities. To do this, the system must be able to send data in real time. The widespread accessibility of GPS-enabled instruments, as well as the enormous quantities of data collected from them, allows us to get a perfect understanding of the condition of traffic and the road network. The current study was prompted through a sample of “T-Drive GPS” trajectory data made public by Microsoft Research in 2010. The final objective was to estimate the average speeds of the road sections using the supplied trajectory data and therefore obtain a speed overview of the road network. The corrected sensor data are used by Driving Sense to detect three types of hazardous behaviors: uncontrolled speed, driving irregularly and shifting the directions. We test the efficacy of our system in real-world scenarios. Driving Sense can identify the convert of directions through driving and anomalous speed control with 93.95 percent accuracy and 90.54 percent recall, correspondingly, according to the findings. Furthermore, the speed estimate mistake is within an acceptable range of less than 2.1 m/s.

Keywords: GPS, Haversine formula, Longitude, Latitude, Vehicle speed.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2015), Pages (17-31)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2015-03-02/17-31

Research Article By:

Arkan Kh. Al-Taie and Ali Hayder Mutib

Corresponding author E-mail: arkanaltaie@yahoo.com

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (66-75)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/66-75

Research Article By:

Nabeel Shaker Mahmood

Corresponding author E-mail: nabeelaldulaimi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This laboratory research program was carried out to investigate the feasible use of locally available material, which is natural asphalt from Heet city, to improve the prevalent sand dunes. The test program was divided into two groups the first one is by adding (5, 7.5 and 10%) natural asphalt, while the second is by adding Portland cement and lime (3 , 6 and 9%) individually to sand-asphalt mixes. Series of laboratory tests are carried out including classification, Marshall stability and unconfined compression Tests Generally, this study displayed significant improvement in the performance of sand dunes by using natural asphalt, that can be used in stabilization as economic and available material instead of industrial asphalt.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2013-1-1/01-13

Research Article By:

Riyadh Mahmood Saleh Al-Obaidi

Corresponding author E-mail: Rystar_sun@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The biological unit in the wastewater treatment plants can be considered the most sensitive treatment units. It begins work with dynamic conditions for several weeks until reach the steady state conditions. Therefore, this study was done to observe aeration tank behavior (activated sludge unit) in the wastewater treatment plant of general hospital complex of Mosul city. Sampling made daily for more than 30 days. The biological treatment monitoring parameter was tested. The study shown that there is need to about 45-60 days to complete the start up work to be the operation stable and successful (if it worked without seeding). There was simple growth of microorganisms with modest treatment of organic matter, and then it rose after 3 first weeks of operation. There was contrary relationship between organic content and suspended solids in the aeration tank; an equation of this relation has been presented. The pH has risen in the first days in the effluent wastewater, then return to be less than influent pH with a relative relation with the activity of the microorganisms and surface aeration in the tank. The EC was simply reduced in the Effluent along with the study.

Keywords: Activated sludge, startup, operation, aeration tank.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (40-52)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/40-52

Research Article By:

Hayder Kamil Shanbara

Corresponding author E-mail: hayder.shanbara82@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents characteristics and properties of carbon fibers reinforced asphalt concrete mixtures. The results showed that carbon fibers do improve the performance of the asphalt concrete mix. To evaluate the effects of carbon fibers contents on mixtures, in which one mix was reinforced with carbon fibers and the other mix was not. The testing undertaken in this research comprise the Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Test, Creep Test, and Wheel Tracking Test. Carbon fibers exhibited consistency in results, and as such it was observed that the addition of fibers affects the properties of mixtures, i.e. an increase in its stability and a decrease in the flow value and increase in voids in the mix. The carbon fibers are able to block the propagation of cracks, reduce the rut depth or increase the strength of pavements to the rutting deformation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (25-39)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/25-39

Research Article By:

Alaa Dawood Selman

ABSTRACT

The soils of the marshes in the south of Iraq are considered as soft soil, which is usually a silty clay and clayey silt. In this study, compressibility and shear strength characteristics are studied for three soils used in this work, were brought from three different areas (Alchebaish, Alhalfaiya and Almejar Alkabeer) near marshes and taken at depth ranging from (1-1.5) m below ground level after excavating the upper soil strata. All fundamental tests were performed on these soils. Laboratory tests results showed that these soils have high collapsibility and that shear strength parameters of c and ) decrease when soaked in water but the main decrease was in (c) value. Also the study includes the influence of the initial void ratio and the water content on the modules of the collapsibility. The value of collapse Potential seems to depend mainly on the natural water content and initial void ratio. The collapse potential increases with the increase of void ratio and decreases with increase of water content.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (10-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/10-24

Research Article By:

مهند حسين الشراوي

ABSTRACT

A concrete bridge has been constructed on 1979 at Mosul city. The total length of bridge is 660 m and its width is 20 m. The bridge consists of 10.3 m in length for each. Each span was constructed from box girders supported by 9 columns and ceiling by concrete caps. Due to the defects in maintenance along time, the expansion joints experienced severe damage causing horizontal displacement for the upper parts of columns toward the abutments. These displacements create bending moments at the middle parts of these columns. In addition to that, one of girders was deteriorated because of an explosion causing structural failure to this part.
In this work, it is presented a survey for all failures that the bridge experienced. Then after, it was suggested the means that can be applied for rehabilitation the bridge to be enough and stable for sustainable exploitation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (14-22)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2013-1-1/14-21

Research Article By:

حسين منديل الخزاعي و قاسم جبير سلمان

Corresponding author E-mail: halkhuzaie@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

In GIS, it is essential to use the areal and space images as data references for information, but it is necessary to create digital information using software such as SURFER 8 and ARC view. These data can be furnished to create digital contour lines map in a rapid way rather than the conventional methods.
In this paper, GIS technique was used for producing 3 dimension contour maps for earth surface. This was called as Digital Elevation Model that can provide a view for spatial coordination for the location of these maps. The area was selected for this study is the sand dunes area at Al-Mamlaha (Samawa city district). The source of space images was Google Earth.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (82-96)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/82-96

Research Article By:

Ahmed Rajih Hassan, Ali Khalil Ismael and Firas Naif Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: ah.ra3@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Corrosion inhibitors studies were carried out on carbon steel rebar samples under different pH condition sand in the presence and absence of chloride ions in solution. A known amount of sodium nitrite was added as an inhibitor and the mechanism of inhibition was studied by tracking both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the system. The studies indicate that Inhibition efficiency decreases with increase of temperature, and there is a competition between the corrosion and passivation reactions, and the resulting open-circuit potential depends on the relative strength of the corroding and passivating environments. The corrosion rate depends to a great extent on the pH of the solution. Nitrite ions act as anodic inhibitors by increasing the rate of formation of a barrier oxide film. The protective action of the nitriteions seems to be more pronounced in highly corroding environment. This is due to the mechanism of inhibition, which uses the product of the unwanted corrosion reaction and converts it into a favorable passivating one. For a given amount of chloride, a minimum threshold concentration of nitrite is essential for protecting the steel.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibitors, corrosion of rebar, sodium nitride.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (66-81)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/66-81

Research Article By:

Turki Y. Abdulla, Haroution A. Hairik and Adel M. Dakhil

Corresponding author E-mail: turkey@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Direct torque control (DTC) of three phase induction motor uses the motor stator resistance to estimate the stator flux. The variation of stator resistance due to changes in temperature or frequency deteriorates the performance of DTC controller by introducing errors in the estimated flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque. A fuzzy based stator resistance estimator during the operation of the motor is proposed. By means of comparing the actual current and the reference current, the change of stator resistance can be estimated. The estimation method is implemented using fuzzy logic control schemes. Simulation results obtained clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimator in estimating the stator resistance and improving performance of DTC.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (46-65)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/46-65

Research Article By:

Anmed R. Hasan and Karim K . Egab

Corresponding author E-mail: mr.ahmedrazaq@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper present theoretical analysis for a solar refrigeration process to generate cold air for air conditioning by parabolic collector in Al-Samawa city conditions. The working fluid in the cooling cycle is water only, which is used as refrigerant fluid. The mathematical description based on the conservation equations of mass, energy, momentum, some gas dynamic equations, and state equations, is made to understand the flow inside the ejector. Engineering equation solver (EES) software is used to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations. The objective of work is to study the performance of solar-ejector conditioning system, on 21^st day of July and December months in 2011 according to Al-Samawa climates condition the different from other city is by received solar intensity and the position of the city in longitude and latitude lines. The results of performance of the system show that the coefficient of performance between (0.05-0.33) with cooling capacity between (0.1-0.56) KW during the day for a collector of 10.5 m² area.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (38-45)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/38-45

Research Article By:

Rasheed Saleem Abed

Corresponding author E-mail: mosul_5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Alhadba minaret in Mosul is one of the oldest islamic monuments with its surprising curvature, height and old age of over 800 years. During the past 50 years there was a considerable amount of leaning in the minaret due to various natural and human causes. The amount of leaning was generally increasing but there was no unified or fixed control that is referenced from various monitoring groups. This paper describes the effort to design and implement a monitoring system that can be referred in the future. Fixed control points and targets have been worked. Samples of monitoring results are presented. These measurements compose a complementary part of the data collection effort required for a major preservation project that is proposed to be conducted in the future.

Keywords: Al-Hadba, leaning monitoring, heritage preservation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (25-37)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/25-37

Research Article By:

Mohammed D. Selman, Kaissar I. Hamed and Hayder A. Lafta

ABSTRACT

This present study evaluated the restoration of marsh water which occurred by mixing Almasab Alaam Drainage with Euphrates river as resources for feeding water to marsh water in southern of Iraq. Four samples of restored southern marshes (S2: Kurmashia, S3: Sunaf Marsh, S4: Al- Hemidi region and S5: Hammar marsh ) were selected during the period from November 2010 to July 2011. The physical properties ( Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH were studied, it was found that all regions are polluted with high values of EC and TDS concentration affected by the mixing process and strongly deviated from Water Health Organisation (WHO) levels, while pH values indicated that marsh water with alkalinity range and within guide levels according to (WHO). Also chemical parameters ( cationic and ionic) were investigated in this study. It was found that Almasab Alaam drainage quality affected these parameters (Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, chloride and Potassium) and appeared in high concentrations exceeded the permitted levels according to WHO for the same studied period. Trace elements were presented for Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr) and obtained a results with unpolluted area of these marshes water except for manganese and chromium during some months. Results showed that it is dangerous to continue with this mixing process and Al masab Alaam Drainage should be stopp to use as resource for restoration of marsh water in southern of Iraq.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (14-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/14-24

Research Article By:

Hussein Abed Zaidan

Corresponding author E-mail: husain_zaidan2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to study the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy 2024 – T6 at multi variable temperatures and velocities in seawater. 2024-T6 is widely used in aircraft structures, especially wing and fuselage structures under tension. The specimens were manufactured by dimensions of 1.5 cm length x 1.5 cm width x 0.2 cm thickness, According to ASTM (G71-30). Corrosion test was implemented by using potentiostatic polarization measurements in seawater 3.5%NaCl at a temperature of 25°C, 50°C and 75°C , velocity 1, 2, 3 m/min . The potential of circuit was determined by open circuit depending on AL in electrochemical series after that the rate of cell’s current is changed due to 100± (m v). From result which obtained by Tafel equation. It was found that the corrosion resistance of 2024 – T6 Al alloy, increases with increasing velocity and decreases with increasing of temperature.

Keywords: Corrosion resistance, aluminum alloy, velocity, temperature, seawater.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/01-13

Research Article By:

Esam Mohammed Ali, Ali Hadi Adheem and Ahmed Samir Naje

Corresponding author E-mail: hillaured@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the effect of fire flame on some mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete specimens. To determine the workability, different test methods are adopted in this research such as slump-flow, T50 slump-flow, L-box, U-box and V-funnel. The concrete specimens were subjected to fire flame at the lower surface only to reach temperatures around 400,500 and 600 °C for one hour, then they were cooled gradually to room temperature. After that, they were tested for weight loss, compression, splitting and flexural and compared with specimens not subjected to fire flame (reference mix).
Based on the results of this work, it may found that the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete decreases with fire temperature exposure. The residual values of compressive strength were (71-88) % of the strength for the reference specimens. The flexural strength is more sensitive to fire flame temperatures. The residual flexural strengths were in the range of (58- 81) % of the flexural strength for the reference specimens. The splitting tensile strength was extra sensitive than the compressive strength. The residual splitting tensile strength were in the ranges of (58- 90) % of the splitting strength for the reference specimens. The weight loss of concrete specimens increases with increasing fire temperature. The reduction in weight loss ranged between (3.47-6.17) % relative to reference specimens.

Keywords: SCC, fire flame, warkability, mechanical properties.

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