Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology
Volume (14), Issue (1), Year (2026), Pages (80-91)
DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2026-14-01-/80-91
Research Article By:
Huda Ajel Jihad
Corresponding author E-mail:Huda.Ajel@mu.edu.iq
ABSTRACT
The energy constraint of wireless sensor networks is very high and this makes the prudent choice of cluster heads imperative to the life of the network and the balanced use of energy. In this paper, a new Adaptive Hybrid Horse Herd Optimization-Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with Periodic Cluster Head Rotation (AHHCR) is proposed in order to improve energy-efficiency of the clustering schemes. The suggested framework combines the universal searching features of the Horse Herd Optimization algorithm with the speedy convergence features of Particle Swarm Optimization through a multi-objective cost function, which considers residual energy, sink distance as well as historical load to drive the optimization procedure. When subjected to 300 rounds of operation, simulation shows that AHHCR is better than the benchmark protocols, including LEACH, PSO, GWO, and HOA, in significantly extending network lifetime besides minimizing the overall energy consumption. The importance of these performance gains is supported by the statistical tests carried out through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. Moreover, other experiments on different network sizes and initial energy distributions proves that the offered methodology is scalable and robust.
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks; Cluster Head Selection; Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm (HOA).