Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology
Volume (14), Issue (3), Year (2026), Pages (139-172)
DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2026-14-03-/139-172
Research Article By:
| Amna khaery khudhair, Othman Hameed Zinkaah |
Corresponding author E-mail: amna.k.k.civil.msc@mu.edu.iq
ABSTRACT
Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are critical structural elements that may experience lateral impact loading during their service life, resulting in structural responses that differ significantly from static loading conditions. This review synthesizes experimental and numerical studies on steel reinforced concrete columns subjected to lateral impact, focusing on the effects of key parameters, including impact velocity, transverse reinforcement, axial compression ratio, concrete compressive strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, cross-sectional dimensions, and boundary conditions. By systematically analyzing findings from previous studies, this review identifies the dominant factors governing impact resistance and clarifies their influence on dynamic response, impact force, displacement, and failure mechanisms. The results indicate that increasing impact velocity leads to higher peak impact forces, faster damage evolution, and a transition from flexural behavior to brittle shear failure. The axial compression ratio significantly affects lateral deflection, contact duration, and plateau impact force, while insufficient transverse reinforcement promotes premature shear failure. Conversely, increased stirrup reinforcement enhances confinement efficiency, delays crack propagation, and improves energy dissipation capacity. The review contributes to the current understanding of RC column behavior under lateral impact by consolidating existing knowledge and emphasizing the need for further experimental and finite element studies to support more reliable impact resistant design approaches.
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Keywords:
Concrete columns; Failure mechanisms; Impact response; Lateral impact loading; Numerical simulations; Vehicle collision.