Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology
Volume (14), Issue (4), Year (2026), Pages (13-25)
DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2026-14-04-/13-25
Research Article By:
Mustafa Qasim Hameed
Corresponding author E-mail: altoanym@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This study addresses the technical and economic challenges of integrating intermittent renewable energy sources (solar and wind) into electrical grids, using a case study of Iraqi governorates (Al-Anbar, Basra, Dhi Qar, Sulaymaniyah). It focuses on grid stability impacts (e.g., frequency deviation), power quality deterioration, and increased operational costs, which conventional ancillary service markets fail to model adequately. The methodology integrates quantitative techniques including vector autoregression (VAR) models, system simulation, and econometric modeling, adhering to IEEE 1547-2018 and IEC 61000 standards. Mitigation tools such as smart transformers and battery energy storage systems (BESS) are evaluated. Results show a significant positive correlation between wind power penetration and frequency variation. Smart transformer-based reactive power control improves distribution line hosting capacity by 23% at lower cost compared to active storage solutions. Power quality degrades with increased solar PV penetration, indicating the need for new measurement indices. Economically, the dynamic ancillary service market model reduces annual reserve operating costs by up to 60%, while storage system profitability heavily depends on forecasting accuracy. The study provides practical guidance for grid operators and policymakers to enhance reliability and efficiency under high renewable penetration.
Keywords:
Intermittent Renewable Energy, Grid Stability, Smart Transformers, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), Dynamic Economic Modeling