Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology
Volume (13), Issue (2), Year (30 June 2025), Pages (90-101)
DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2025-13-02-/90-101
Research Article By:
Mohammed Bashar, Fatima Haithem, Riyadh Mansoor, and Abbas Al Wishah
Corresponding author E-mail: mohbashar@mu.edu.iq
ABSTRACT
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), Signal Integrity (SI), and power delivery represent critical challenges in the design of high-density interconnect Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Performance degradation due to parasitic effects, impedance discontinuities, and crosstalk often results in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) violations. This paper proposes a comprehensive design methodology based on optimized layer stack-up, controlled impedance routing, and strategic via placement to enhance EMC compliance and SI in compact, high-performance PCBs, with a particular focus on GPS applications operating at 1.575 GHz. These design strategies support the implementation of 50-ohm controlled microstrip lines, well-defined ground planes, and robust power distribution networks. Using simulation tools such as MATLAB, CST Studio Suite, and Altium Designer in conjunction with transmission line theory, key performance metrics, including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and insertion loss, are assessed. The proposed design is implemented on a custom GPS PCB and empirically evaluated using Teseo Suite, confirming enhanced spatial efficiency, reduced reflection, and improved GPS signal acquisition and tracking. Research findings highlight the efficacy of simulation-driven PCB design practices in addressing high-frequency signal degradation and EMI concerns, with broad applicability to automotive, telecommunications, and consumer electronics domains requiring reliable GNSS functionality. The integration of GPS technology into everyday electronics, such as smartphones and autonomous vehicles, highlights the increasing demand for efficient and reliable signal integrity. The continuous demand for faster, smaller, and more affordable electronic devices underscores the rapid evolution of PCB technology and the necessity for strict design policies, especially in Gigahertz (GHz) systems. This work concludes by validating the proposed design methodology through a compact GPS-PCB model, demonstrating improvements in signal integrity and spatial efficiency.
Keywords:
Altium Designer, CST Studio Suite, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), GPS, PCB.