Research Article:

Kareem N. Hussien, Engineering College / Al.Qadisiyah University

ABSTRACT

Anthocynin pigment is one of natural pigments material. Pigments are present in each one of the organisms in the world, and plants are the principal producers. They are in leaves, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In this study the effect of anthocyanin pigment on protection of natural rubber from UV radiation and effect of pigment on some mechanical and physical behaviour of natural rubber was assessed. Anthocyanin pigment was prepared from chards by filtration method. It was added to NR from (5pphr) to (25 pphr). The samples with anthocyanin and without were exposed to UV for a various periods and then some mechanical and physical tests were carried out for the prepared specimens. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness and specific weight decreased with increasing of anthocyanin. Elongation increased with increasing of anthocyanin pigment. When samples exposed to UV, the results showed a broad enhancement in the mechanical properties for all samples contained anthocyanin. This research was used a natural and cheap material available largely in plants to protect of polymers from degradation and to improve their properties instead of synthetics pigments that they are harmful and expensive.

Keywords: Polymer composite, Finite element, Stress distribution, Short-fiber reinforced composite.

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Research Article:

Mohammed Razzaq Mohammed, Misan University College of Engineering

ABSTRACT

Anthocynin pigment is one of natural pigments material. Pigments are present in each one of the organisms in the world, and plants are the principal producers. They are in leaves, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In this study the effect of anthocyanin pigment on protection of natural rubber from UV radiation and effect of pigment on some mechanical and physical behaviour of natural rubber was assessed. Anthocyanin pigment was prepared from chards by
filtration method. It was added to NR from (5pphr) to (25 pphr). The samples with anthocyanin and without were exposed to UV for a various periods and then some mechanical and physical tests were carried out for the prepared specimens. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness and specific weight decreased with increasing of anthocyanin. Elongation increased with increasing of anthocyanin pigment. When samples
exposed to UV, the results showed a broad enhancement in the mechanical properties for all samples contained anthocyanin. This research was used a natural and cheap material available largely in plants to protect of polymers from degradation and to improve their properties instead of synthetics pigments that they are harmful and expensive.

Keywords:  Natural Rubber (NR); Anthocyanin; Pigment; Ultraviolet (UV) Mechanical; Physical; Properties.

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Research Article:

Riadh A. Abbas, Asst. Prof. of Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering Al. Muthanna University 

E-mail addresses:  Readh_56@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Concrete is a relatively durable building Materials, it may be failed or damaged due to
the effect of some properties of soil components, such as salt, sulfate and underground water,
especially when the concrete used in construction of the underground structures. Sulfate and
salt (which are dissolved in water) try to penetrate through the concrete and attack it. The
attack effects will be on the strength characters of concrete and rebar reinforcements.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of soil components on strength of concrete
(for 28 day age) when the concrete is buried in the soil. For achieving this aim of the work,
the compressive strength of concrete specimens was tested before and after burying in the
ground for the same concrete mix design. The specimens were grouped to be tested under the
condition of different periods of burying in the soil for 5 months starting from the casting
date. In addition to that, it was investigated the effect of saline degree on the compressive
strength of the embedded concrete in the soil. The results of the tested specimens were
compared with the reference specimens, i.e. those which had been tested without burying in
the soil. The area in which the specimens were buried divided into three zones according to
the degree of salinity, this area is in Samawa City (270 km south-west of Baghdad) . It was
found that the compressive strength of concrete specimens exposed to Sulphate attack in zone
A for a period of 79 and 102 decreases from 25.7 MPa to 22.25 MPa, while the others in
zones B and C showed a decrease in compressive strength from 25.7 MPa to 17.5 and 18 MPa
respectively.

Keywords: Concrete, Compressive Strength, Saline Degree, Sulphate Attack

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Research Article:

Ahmed Razzaq Hassan, Assist Lecturer , Foundation of Technical Education , Technical institute of AL SAMAWA- Department of Mechanical Engineering 

E-mail addresses: mr.ahmedrazaq@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this work thermal loading is introduced to the J-Integral calculation using FEM. Study the
effect of thermal loadings include temperature difference, convection heat transfer coefficient,
temperature of fluid, and thermal conductivity on stresses values and J-integral . three Programs
have been developed , first program is to evaluate temperature distributions in (conduction,
convection), while the second program is to compute thermal loading stresses and another
loading conditions, third program is to evaluate the J-Integral of opening mode (Mode I) under
effect of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions is introduced. so the comparison of the
result depends on the validation of the programs developed and the Extrapolation Methods. 

Keywords: J-integral , finite element , stress , displacement.

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Research Article:

Dr. Ra’id Tarik Hade, University of Al-Muthanna, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering

Anas B. Salman, University of Al-Muthanna, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering

E-mail addresses:  dr.raidt@yahoo.com, anas1982_ewineew@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper studied th effect of operating parameters on the efficiency of a small scale reverse
osmosis with cellulose acetate (CA) membrane type has been studied. different samples were
selected from several wells from different spots from Baghdad city. It was found that the highest
system’s efficiency can be attained at 36 oC temperature, 250 pressure, pH=3 and 2000 ppm
salinity. Also it has been found that the reflux ratio is proportional to the pressure and
temperature of feed water, and this ratio is inversely proportional with the pH and salinity of feed
water. Four samples with different salinity values were selected from wells in south of iraq.

Keywords: Reverse osmosis, Water desalination

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Research Article:

Dr. Adel M. Dakhil, Misan University- College of Engineering- Department of Electrical Engineering 

E-mail addresses:  Dr.adelmanaa@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this work a simulation of single phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF) to minimize source current distortion is produced by feeding a nonlinear loads. The simulation results for single phase shunt APF with conventional PI controller and fuzzy PI controller were carried out. These two controller forced the single phase shunt APF to inject equal but opposite current in order to shape the source current to a sinusoidal form in phase with supply voltage. Conventional PI controller meets the required performance for ideal APF, but with unbalance load; this controller is failed to do same job hence the gain values of PI controller are set for a certain load condition. This situation lead to search with fuzzy controller in which the proportional and integral gains adjust dynamically as load condition change. The obtained
simulation results for the fuzzy controller show good steady state and transient performance for the plant.

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Research Article:

Ahmed Rajih Hassan, Eng. College, Chemical Eng.

Ali Khalil Ismael, Eng. College, Civil Eng.

Firas Naif Hassan, Eng. College, Chemical Eng.

E-mail addresses:  ah.ra3@yahoo.com, aly_khalil78@yahoo.com, Firas_nayfe@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Corrosion inhibitors studies were carried out on carbon steel rebar samples under different pH
conditionsand in the presence and absence of chloride ions in solution. A known amount of
sodium nitrite was added asan inhibitor and the mechanism of inhibition was studied by tracking
both the thermodynamic and kineticproperties of the system. The studies indicate thatInhibition
efficiency decreases with increase of temperature, and there is a competition between the
corrosion and passivationreactions, and the resulting open-circuit potential depends on the
relative strength of the corroding and passivatingenvironments. The corrosion rate depends to a
great extent on the pH of the solution. Nitrite ions act asanodic inhibitors by increasing the rate of
formation of a barrier oxide film. The protective action of the nitriteions seems to be more
pronounced in highly corroding environment. This is due to the mechanism of inhibition,which
uses the product of the unwanted corrosion reaction and converts it into a favorable passivating
one. Fora given amount of chloride, a minimum threshold concentration of nitrite is essential for
protecting the steel.

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Research Article:

Turki Y. Abdulla, University of Basrah – College of Engineering – Department of Computer Engineering 

Haroution A. Hairik, University of Basrah – College of Engineering – Department of Computer Engineering 

Adel M. Dakhil, University of Misan-College of Engineering-Department of Electrical Engineering 

E-mail addresses:  Turkey@yahoo.com, haroution@gmail.com, dr.adelmanaa@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Direct torque control (DTC) of three phase induction motor uses the motor stator resistance to
estimate the stator flux. The variation of stator resistance due to changes in temperature or
frequency deteriorates the performance of DTC controller by introducing errors in the estimated
flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque. A fuzzy based stator resistance estimator during the
operation of the motor is proposed. By means of comparing the actual current and the reference
current, the change of stator resistance can be estimated. The estimation method is implemented
using fuzzy logic control schemes. Simulation results obtained clearly demonstrate the effectiveness
of the estimator in estimating the stator resistance and improving performance of DTC.

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Research Article:

AHMED R. HASAN, Assist Lecturer , Foundation of Technical Education , Technical institute of AL SAMAWA, Department of Mechanical Engineering  

PhD student in Mechanical engineering , South Carolina university , Columbia – USA

Remote Sensing Centre, University of Mosul \ Iraq

E-mail addresses: mr.ahmedrazaq@yahoo.com , iraq2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper present theoretical analysis for a solar refrigeration process to generate cold
air for air conditioning by parabolic collector in AL-Samawa city conditions . The working
fluid in the cooling cycle is water only, which is used as refrigerant fluid. The mathematical
description based on the conservation equations of mass, energy, momentum, some gas
dynamic equations, and state equations, is made to understand the flow inside the ejector.
Engineering equation solver (EES) software is used to solve the nonlinear partial differential
equations. The objective of work is to study the performance of solar-ejector conditioning
system, on 21st day of July and December months in 2011 according to Al- Samawa climates
condition the different from other city is by received solar intensity and the position of the
city in longitude and latitude lines . The results of performance of the system show that the
coefficient of performance between (0.05-0.33) with cooling capacity between (0.1-0.56)KW
during the day for a collector of 10.5 m2 area.

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Research Article:

Dr. Rasheed Saleem Abed

Remote Sensing Centre, University of Mosul \ Iraq

E-mail addresses: mosul_5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Alhadba minaret in mosul is one of the oldest islamic monuments with its surprising
curvature, height and old age of over 800 years. During the past 50 years there was a
considerable amount of leaning in the minaret due to various natural and human causes. The
amount of leaning was generally increasing but there was no unified or fixed control that is
referenced from various monitoring groups. This paper describes the effort to design and
implement a monitoring system that can be referred in the future. Fixed control points and
targets have been worked. Samples of monitoring results are presented. These measurements
compose a complementary part of the data collection effort required for a major preservation
project that is proposed to be conducted in the future.

Keywords:Al-Hadba, leaning monitoring, heritage preservation.

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Research Article:

Kaissar I. Hamed, College of Engineering/ University of Thi Qar
Hayder A. Lafta, Marshes Research Centre/ University of Thi Qar 

E-mail addresses: Haider_abdalhassan@utq.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This present study evaluated the restoration of marsh water which occurred by mixing
Almasab Alaam Drainage with Euphrates river as resources for feeding water to marsh water
in southern of Iraq. Four samples of restored southern marshes (S2: Kurmashia, S3: Sunaf
Marsh, S4: Al- Hemidi region and S5: Hammar marsh ) were selected during the period from
November 2010 to July 2011. The physical properties ( Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total
Dissolved Solids(TDS) and pH were studied, it was found that all regions are polluted with
high values of EC and TDS concentration affected by the mixing process and strongly
deviated from Water Health Organisation (WHO) levels, while pH values indicated that
marsh water with alkalinity range and within guide levels according to (WHO). Also chemical
parameters ( cationic and ionic) were investigated in this study. It was found that Almasab
Alaam drainage quality affected these parameters (Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, chloride
and Potassium) and appeared in high concentrations exceeded the permitted levels according
to WHO for the same studied period. Trace elements were presented for Copper (Cu), Zinc
(Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr) and obtained a results with unpolluted area of
these marshes water except for manganese and chromium during some months. Results
showed that it is dangerous to continue with this mixing process and Al masab Alaam
Drainage should be stopp to use as resource for restoration of marsh water in southern of Iraq.

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Research Article:

Riyadh Mahmood Saleh Al-Obaidi

Environment Research Center/Mosul University, Iraq

E-mail addresses: Rystar_sun@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The biological unit in the wastewater treatment plants can be considered the most sensitive treatment units. It begins work with dynamic conditions for several weeks until reach the steady state conditions. Therefore, this study was done to observe aeration tank behavior (activated sludge unit) in the wastewater treatment plant of general hospital complex of Mosul city. Sampling made daily for more than 30 days. The biological treatment monitoring parameter was tested. The study shown that there is need to about 45-60 days to complete the start up work to be the operation stable and successful (if it worked without seeding). There was simple growth of microorganisms with modest treatment of organic matter, and then it rose after 3 first weeks of operation. There was contrary relationship between organic content and suspended solids in the aeration tank; an equation of this relation has been presented. The pH has risen in the first days in the effluent wastewater, then return to be less than influent pH with a relative relation with the activity of the microorganisms and surface aeration in the tank. The EC was simply reduced in the Effluent along with the study.

Keywords: activated sludge, startup, operation, aeration tank.

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