Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (77-83)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/77-83

Research Article By:

Mustafa H. Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: mustafa.h@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In order to fulfill our modern world demand, Free Space Optics (FSO) is developed. And (multiple input multiple output) MIMO-FSO systems have been put in place to analysis and implement the exhaustive achievement for transfers the data in wider bandwidth and in the form of light waves to achieves higher data rate transmission using different encoding schemes executed with four various communication channels. The various meteorological turbulence such as wind, snow, fog, rain, etc significantly affected MIMO-FSO transmission medium performance as means of reception and transmission FSO system employ direct detection and intensity modulation. MIMO-FSO systems simulation has been analyzed as a function of link range, bit rate and transmitted power, however, FSO widespread growth has been restrain by reliability issues and availability. With consideration to the value of Q. Factor, Eye Diagram and BER. The Simulation results characterize that MIMO-FSO system play a good solution with meteorological turbulence. Compare to the low power and minimum distortion for long distance While maintaining reliability. The result displayed that RZ is the preferable type of modulation accommodate a large value of Q-factor. while NRZ allocate on top of Q-factor values in case in MIMO-FSO. It is precious noticing that improving the achievement of MIMO-FSO system is highly dependent on the Meteorological turbulence, specially by link range, bit rate and transmitted power. However, noting this performance increasing led to cost and complexity also increases.

Keywords: BER (Bit Error Rate), Q-Factor, Free Space Optics (FSO), Meteorological Turbulence, Eye Diagram, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output).

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (62-76)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/62-76

Research Article By:

Hanadi F. Frhaan and Aqeel H. Chkheiwer

Corresponding author E-mail: hanadi2297@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This research focuses on the investigation of corbels constructed using slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). A total of twelve SIFCON corbels were fabricated in a controlled laboratory setting, with each corbel varying in certain parameters. These parameters include the volume fraction of steel fibers, which were set at three different ratios of 5, 6, and 7%. Additionally, the study examined the influence of the shear span to effective depth ratio, with values of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 being considered. Furthermore, the impact of a combination of micro and hook fibers, as well as the effect of reinforcement steel bars, were also investigated. The variables have affected on the mechanical properties of concrete, including the percentage of fiber, as by increasing the percentages, notice an improvement in the performance of the concrete, ultimate load, and cracking loads, also a reduction in deflection. The augmentation of steel fiber content from 5 to 7% resulted in notable enhancements in splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, with increases of approximately 32 and 22.4% respectively. Additionally, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity shown improvements of approximately 11.3 and 12% respectively, where the effect of the shear ratio on the models was negative, as this effect appeared on the ultimate load, and on the crack load. The crack modes exhibited a flexural tension. These cracks initiated at the junction lines between the corbel and the column, or in its vicinity, and subsequently spread along the face of the column.

Keywords: High strength, Ultimate load, corbels, SIFCON, Steel Fiber, cracking Load, shear span and effective depth.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (47-61)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/47-61

Research Article By:

Hussein Kamal Kadhim and Mazin Diwan Abdullah

Corresponding author E-mail: pgs.hussein.kamal@uobasrah.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The study numerically examined eight concrete deep beam specimens seven with strut and one reference with normal reinforcement the reinforcement quantity varied among the specimens, yet none exceeded the amount present in the reference sample. In instances where an excessive amount of reinforcement was situated in the strut area, it was judiciously redistributed to bolster the reinforcement configuration of the specimens. The specimen tested using abaqus program. Upon examining the results, it was observed that the strut reinforcement technique was more effective than conventional reinforcement, providing an (5% to 10%) increase in maximum load capacity depending on the type of concrete used. Additionally, it resulted in a decrease of (6 to 42%) in the amount of compression reinforcement needed. The study also revealed that having additional reinforcement, such as shear reinforcement or any other reinforcement, in the mid-span of a deep beam and away from the stress zone does not provide any significant benefit, unlike reinforcement in the stress zone, which increases the strength of the beam. It was also noted that cracks are formed in the shear and flexural zones at reference specimen when a load less than the specimens with strut is applied. The displacement in specimens with strut was less than of reference sample. It was also found that strain in specimens with strut reinforcement was lower than in reference specimen.

Keywords: Deep beam, Strut and tie specimen, Reinforcement strut, strain, two points load, Abaqus program.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (36-46)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/36-46

Research Article By:

S. A. Rasheed

Corresponding author E-mail: saraa.kubbah@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The research investigates the urban scene as a witness to the city’s memory and heritage and an expression of its cultural values. The urban scene, if sudden and unstudied visual images appear in it, and thus the emergence of different models between one axis and another, hence the research problem (disruption of the relationship between the constituent styles of the urban scene within the historical axes and the emergence of sudden visual images), Therefore, the research will aim to determine the reasons for the discontinuity in the visual sequence of the style and the emergence of sudden visual images of the urban scene. However, Baghdad, with its high cultural value, began to be interrupted as a result of interventions, which separated many parts of it from the urban style around it. The research will depend on the qualitative approach. The research concluded that Al-Rasheed Street suffers from a visual interruption in some parts of its urban scene as a result of social reasons related to individual or political transgressions related to the absence of penalties or economic ones related to the increase in the value of the land, in addition to the impact of the urban side that results in the removal or demolition of historic buildings. Furthermore, this led to a negative impact on the model of Al-Rasheed Street.

Keywords: discontinuity of visual images, urban scene, historical axes, isolated icons, style.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (30-35)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/30-35

Research Article By:

Shahad A. Thanoon, Zainab Alomari and Mahmood A. Mahmood

Corresponding author E-mail: shahad.abdulsalaam2021@stu.uoninevah.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Ultrasound imaging, commonly known as sonography, is a medical diagnostic procedure that generates images of interior organs and tissues within the body by using high-frequency sound waves. Because of being non-ionizing, inexpensive, reproducible, non-invasive, simple-to-use, and able to display flow data performance characteristics, ultrasonic imaging has gained international interest. As a result, researchers and engineers sought to improve image quality. Image enhancement methods are used to minimize noise in medical image and raise the quality of imaging in term of contrast, speckle homogeneity and resolution and reduce artifacts that produced from proposed algorithms. Several academic papers in the literature use traditional image enhancement approaches. The primary goal of this paper is to highlight the properties and limitations of a number important and commonly used image enhancing techniques that aim to overcome the reduced imaging quality that result from unfocusing of plane wave imaging.

Keywords: Ultrasound imaging, Ultrasound enhancement, Minimum variance, Eigenspace-based minimum variance, Ultrafast imaging.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (09-29)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/09-29

Research Article By:

Ali Abdullah Hassooni and Hussein Yousif Aziz

Corresponding author E-mail: ali.abdullah1230@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns have been widely utilized in construction due to their high strength, ductility, energy absorption, fire resistance, and cost reduction due to the absence of formwork. Estimating the Axial compressive capacity (ACC) of short rectangular CFST columns has been the subject of numerous experiments. In this study, artificial neural network was used to make predictions regarding the ACC of CFST columns. Multi fed forward back propagation and Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system were used. 512 experimental tests were collected from the literature. One thousand models for multi fed forward back propagation and one hundred for adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system were trained and tested. artificial neural network models are evaluated by using statistical analysis to validate and test the prediction models. The best models were selected by using the Root mean square error (RMSE) and Coefficient of determination (R²). Using the RMSE, R², and Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the best models were compared to design code formulas. As a result, the best model performed much better in every performance measure. The best model for multi fed forward back propagation has better performance in comparison with the best model for adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. For interested users and researchers, a graphical user interface was created using the best model for multi fed forward back.

Keywords: Artificial neural network, Multi fed forward back propagation, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, Concrete filled steel tube columns, Axial compressive capacity.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2023), Pages (01-08)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-02/01-08

Research Article By:

Auda Raheemah Odhaib, Abbas Swayeh Atiyah and Mohammed Zuhair Azeez

Corresponding author E-mail: auda@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The maintenance cost is the main challenge of the industrial environment especially that related to the expansive machine. Many faults caused damage to the machine as the oil flow, pressure, vibration, and temperature. The vibration fault of the rotating machine is producing damage if been in the danger zone. In this work, the vibration fault of the induction motor has been detected and classified based on wireless and artificial intelligence techniques. The C++ code was utilized to design and implement the wireless sensor, while the MATLAB code was used for the constructed artificial intelligent part. The results showed that the vibration error can be detected early if the beam length is reduced in the wireless sensor. The system was designed based on utilizing the wireless sensor (sensor of vibration, microprocessor, Zig Bee), while the second part contained the coordinator to collect data from the wireless sensor and the cod for processing and analyzing data within a computer. The method proposed in this work shows that the processing time required to collect and analyze vibration data is 2.63 seconds, which is less than the processing time in other methods. The system can be used with other types of machines based on the training of new neural networks to obtain new information to reduce detection time and classification.

Keywords: Vibration faults detection, faults detection methods, wireless sensor networks, neural network.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (33-39)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/33-39

Research Article By:

Atheer Muhammed Ali and Ali M. Lafta

Corresponding author E-mail: atheer.muhammed@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In all countries around the world, roads and highways constitute a vital and significant component of the transportation infrastructure and are crucial for the growth of local economies and societies. The term “Pavement Management System” (PMS) refers to a precise and systematized arrangement of defined procedures for collecting, analyzing, maintaining, and reporting pavement data that enables decision-makers to identify the most suitable arrangements and strategies for maintaining the pavements in the functional order for a given specific period at the least profitable cost. To maximize results within a certain budget, the system will next prioritize and suggest pavement rehabilitation and maintenance. The maintenance system in use tracks a variety of elements, including the cost of the activities required to conduct maintenance and the types of materials, personnel, and equipment. After segmenting the road into sections, this technique uses visual or automated field inspection, and its data is subsequently entered into a database. Following the analysis of this data, either by software or by a subject-matter expert, recommendations for the project will be given in the future. Next, based on the budget that is available, the type of surface, and the state of the road, the PMS develops a deterioration curve for each segment of the road. Finally, it chooses the best cost-effective maintenance approach. All of this is precisely accomplished using a PMS, which offers the right pavement treatment at the right time to extend the pavement’s life for a reasonable amount longer and at a lower maintenance cost.

Keywords: Highway, Transportation, Materials, Deterioration, Budget.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (26-32)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/26-32

Research Article By:

Wisam Mohammed Abed and Mohanad Hameed Rashid

Corresponding author E-mail: rashid_mohanad@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Sensor network programs that predict and control security have been studied using a huge amount of data. This work views The inadequacy of current security measures is a problem with security standards. To make it simpler to choose security measures that would meet needs, have an impact on genuine security, and maintain track of the network’s counting process, the concept of a “network security line” has been proposed. Network security was altered both before and after the event, according to these changes. The security of the topology is then assessed as a counterattack defense utilizing a number of stochastic process-based models. Lastly, by creating a distributed data model, a risk-receiving data model, data feature removal, reconstruction, and an evaluation approach are used to create the experimental risk model. According to the testing findings, when the distance is between 10 and 40 meters, this method is more than 90% successful. The operating power, which is less than the standard requirement, is 196~461 Hz. They perform better in real-time than conventional models. The date timing discrepancy is no more than 0.3 seconds. Despite the improved precision, the relative error is reduced by 3%.

Keywords: sensor networks, controls security, network security, real time.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (16-25)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/16-25

Research Article By:

Maryam Jebur Al-Sultan and Ali Al-Rifaie

Corresponding author E-mail: maryamjabr168@gmail.com and maryam.j.k@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In this study, the dynamic response of steel beams with hexagonal web openings (SBHWOs) is numerically examined. ABAQUS was used to create precise 3D nonlinear finite element models (FEMs). The impact forces, displacement histories, and failure shapes from published experimental tests were used to verify the FEMs built in the current study. Both the numerical and experimental results were found to be in good agreement in terms of displacement and failure shape, in addition, to impact force. It has been established that the FE models proposed were capable of addressing the entire response of the samples in elastic, plastic, and damage stages, despite the slight variation in the level of accuracy that was observed. Furthermore, the current study examined the relationship between impact energy, opening spacing, and opening height to determine how these factors affect the dynamic responses of SBHWOs. The results showed that both the magnitude of the displacement and the duration of the impact increase as the impact energy does. The maximum impact force was higher, but the impact duration and after-impact displacement were both lower when the opening spacing was increased. Increasing in opening height led to decreases in maximum impact force and average plateau impact force corresponding to an increase in impact duration and post-impact displacement.

Keywords: Dynamic response, finite element method, hexagonal web openings, impact, steel beams.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (11-15)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/11-15

Research Article By:

Firas Fouad Abdullah

Corresponding author E-mail: firas77fuad@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Titanium – Aluminum niobium oxide composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The effect of Nb₂O₅ ratio addition with (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 wt %) ontheirmechanical, thermal, and microstructure were investigated. By introducing 2.5 % of Nb₂O₅ the hardness and compressive strength were increased approximately 20% and 46% respectively more than that of pure sample. while weight loss decreased to 4 2% at same ratio. Thermal Conductivity of composite in different temperatures (25, 50, 75 and 100 °C) was decreased 39, 43, 49, and 53 % respectively. Ti-6Al- 2.5 % Nb₂O₅ composite formed porous shape with niobium oxide. This kind of composite could be a promising candidate for implant material.

Keywords: Titanium aluminum Alloys; Niobium Oxide; composite Materials; Dental Implants

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (11), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2023), Pages (01-10)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2023-11-01/01-10

Research Article By:

Sarah Abdulaali Rashid Kbah, Entisar Abbas Mohammad and Ahmed Abdulaali Rashid Kbah

Corresponding author E-mail: saraa.kubbah@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The research investigates the wealth and richness of the heritage markets in the center of old Najaf city, which considers one of the most prominent urban landmarks and the tissue cells that make up the city and an essential element in its emergence. An attempt to explore whether, (the market) as cultural heritage is deteriorating or the processes of development and change are compatible with its historical value, thus knowing the extent to which its richness and urban spatial value have been preserved in the city. Hence the idea of research in defining the vocabulary that contributes to maintaining the richness of the heritage markets in general and the great Najaf market as a special case study and to identify how to preserve the richness of this landmark through time, hence the problem of research in “the lack of knowledge about identifying the mechanisms of preserving the richness of this landmark over time. Heritage markets and the diagnosis of the appropriate mechanisms and procedures to reveal the extent of maintaining their urban wealth “. Studies dealt with the promotion of needs either or not, and the application of these terms to the great market of the city of Najaf. The research concluded that enhancing wealth and preserving the value of markets depends on in two basic words, namely (the formal level) to highlight the urban language of the place and (the morphological level) to confirm structural interconnectedness, which is considered the basic bases for managing wealth and enhancing its historical and heritage value within urban city centers.

Keywords: Historical cities, heritage markets, vibrant heritage, Najaf Grand Bazaar, Najaf city

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (31-37)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/31-37

Research Article By:

Mohammed Mizal Rashid

Corresponding author E-mail: mohammed.rashid@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In the current study, the Iron Aluminide FeAl was prepared using powder metallurgy technology. The mechanical properties of the compound. FeAl can be improved by adding boron and molybdenum Mo. So, adding B and Mo As a result of an increase in the compressive strength of the semi-metallic compound FeAl a compressive strength of (466.5) MPa and (415) Mpa was when adding obtained (0.3% B) and 1. 5% Mo while when adding boron and, respectively, molybdenum together with ratios 0.3% B+1.5% Mo it led to an increase in the compressive, strength to 498.3 Mpa, As for the hardness test, adding 1.5% Mo increased the hardness of the semi-metallic compound FeAl to (298.3) Mpa, which was, (260) MPa for samples without any addition, and when adding 0.3% B (the hardness value became (2681) MPa), but when adding, (0.3%) B+1.5% Mo it was found that the hardness value reaches (303) MPa. As for the sliding wear test (found that the addition of was It 1.5% Mo reduces the slip wear rate of the compound FeAl to (4*10 ^-10 g/Cm) as well as adding, 0.3% Reduced the slip wear rate to 110 ^-9 g/ Cm, while the slip wear value of the compound FeAl without any addition was (210^-6 g/Cmv). The addition of 0.3% B+1.5% Mo to led to a reduction in the slip wear rate g/Cm), (3.3 * 10 ^-11).

Keywords: Microstructure, aluminides, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (22-30)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/22-30

Research Article By:

Zainab Razaq Mahdi and Firas Alrawi

Corresponding author E-mail: zrm1995.itrdc1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The city represents a dynamic spatial organization formed by a group of inhabitants, elements and activities that are interrelated and interacted to form a special urban system. As a result of the accumulation of changes over time in urban land uses, some urban changes take place, which are reflected on changing its spatial organization and urban uses. Riverbank cities, like other cities, are spatially and interactively regulated by many effects. However, having a river as an integral part of the urban composition of the city, it has an impact on these uses and their organization over time. the research problem is exposed from this idea which is represented by the unclear functional relationship of the Euphrates River on the regulation of the land uses in the City of Samawah.  The study assumes that the river has an impact on the functional relationship affecting the regulation of land uses in the city of Samawah.  Using GIS, urban transformations of land use around the river in the city of Samawah have been monitored, using the multiple linear regression method, the functional relationship between the distance from the river as a subordinate variable and the land uses as independent variables is analyzed. Thus, to arrive at explanatory regression equations that reflect the effect of shifts in the organization of the spatial structure of the sample study area to achieve the research objectives. The study has concluded that the urban uses of the city of Samawah were inversely related with moving away from the river.

Keywords: River cities, multiple linear regression, spatial organization, land use, impact

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (13-21)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/13-21

Research Article By:

Zainab Madlool, Khalid Mosa and Ahmed Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: zainb19977777@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The overall objective of the current study was to investigate the possibilities of using Fenton oxidation (Photo-oxidation) as a mechanism of COD elimination that is available in sunflower wastewater (SWW). It’s chiefly appropriate aimed at the handling of organic, and at current, it is one of the most promising advanced oxidation skills. Precisely, rapid Fenton oxidation, which features high elimination competence, thorough reactions, insignificant subordinate contamination, etc., has led to numerous studies on by means of the Fenton reaction toward destroy COD in SWW. In investigational studies, finest experimental limits for example Fenton’s reagent, pH, temperature, Irradiation time and light intensity were determined. 98.41% and 78.29 % COD removal for photo-Fenton and Fenton process correspondingly were found. The adding of UV radiation toward the Fenton technique occasioned in improved squalor of COD elimination. Though the best irradiation time of the Fenton process was 150 min, the best reaction time of the photo-Fenton process was 120 min.

Keywords: Sunflower wastewater, wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2021), Pages (09-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-02/09-16

Research Article By:

Seror Manea Bahloos

Corresponding author E-mail: seror.manea@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The suggested effort is an endeavor to regulate the speed of the car using computer software that allows the owner to obtain information about the driver’s position, speed, and activities. To do this, the system must be able to send data in real time. The widespread accessibility of GPS-enabled instruments, as well as the enormous quantities of data collected from them, allows us to get a perfect understanding of the condition of traffic and the road network. The current study was prompted through a sample of “T-Drive GPS” trajectory data made public by Microsoft Research in 2010. The final objective was to estimate the average speeds of the road sections using the supplied trajectory data and therefore obtain a speed overview of the road network. The corrected sensor data are used by Driving Sense to detect three types of hazardous behaviors: uncontrolled speed, driving irregularly and shifting the directions. We test the efficacy of our system in real-world scenarios. Driving Sense can identify the convert of directions through driving and anomalous speed control with 93.95 percent accuracy and 90.54 percent recall, correspondingly, according to the findings. Furthermore, the speed estimate mistake is within an acceptable range of less than 2.1 m/s.

Keywords: GPS, Haversine formula, Longitude, Latitude, Vehicle speed.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2015), Pages (17-31)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2015-03-02/17-31

Research Article By:

Arkan Kh. Al-Taie and Ali Hayder Mutib

Corresponding author E-mail: arkanaltaie@yahoo.com

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (66-75)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/66-75

Research Article By:

Nabeel Shaker Mahmood

Corresponding author E-mail: nabeelaldulaimi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This laboratory research program was carried out to investigate the feasible use of locally available material, which is natural asphalt from Heet city, to improve the prevalent sand dunes. The test program was divided into two groups the first one is by adding (5, 7.5 and 10%) natural asphalt, while the second is by adding Portland cement and lime (3 , 6 and 9%) individually to sand-asphalt mixes. Series of laboratory tests are carried out including classification, Marshall stability and unconfined compression Tests Generally, this study displayed significant improvement in the performance of sand dunes by using natural asphalt, that can be used in stabilization as economic and available material instead of industrial asphalt.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2013-1-1/01-13

Research Article By:

Riyadh Mahmood Saleh Al-Obaidi

Corresponding author E-mail: Rystar_sun@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The biological unit in the wastewater treatment plants can be considered the most sensitive treatment units. It begins work with dynamic conditions for several weeks until reach the steady state conditions. Therefore, this study was done to observe aeration tank behavior (activated sludge unit) in the wastewater treatment plant of general hospital complex of Mosul city. Sampling made daily for more than 30 days. The biological treatment monitoring parameter was tested. The study shown that there is need to about 45-60 days to complete the start up work to be the operation stable and successful (if it worked without seeding). There was simple growth of microorganisms with modest treatment of organic matter, and then it rose after 3 first weeks of operation. There was contrary relationship between organic content and suspended solids in the aeration tank; an equation of this relation has been presented. The pH has risen in the first days in the effluent wastewater, then return to be less than influent pH with a relative relation with the activity of the microorganisms and surface aeration in the tank. The EC was simply reduced in the Effluent along with the study.

Keywords: Activated sludge, startup, operation, aeration tank.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (40-52)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/40-52

Research Article By:

Hayder Kamil Shanbara

Corresponding author E-mail: hayder.shanbara82@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents characteristics and properties of carbon fibers reinforced asphalt concrete mixtures. The results showed that carbon fibers do improve the performance of the asphalt concrete mix. To evaluate the effects of carbon fibers contents on mixtures, in which one mix was reinforced with carbon fibers and the other mix was not. The testing undertaken in this research comprise the Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Test, Creep Test, and Wheel Tracking Test. Carbon fibers exhibited consistency in results, and as such it was observed that the addition of fibers affects the properties of mixtures, i.e. an increase in its stability and a decrease in the flow value and increase in voids in the mix. The carbon fibers are able to block the propagation of cracks, reduce the rut depth or increase the strength of pavements to the rutting deformation.

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