Category: Uncategorized

Control of Solar Powered Cathodic Protection System

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (152-159)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/152-159

Research Article By:

Hassan F. Faisal and Khearia A. Mohammed Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: hassanfalih583@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cathodic Protection (CP) is an effective method to reduce the corrosion of metallic structures that submerged in water or buried in soil. In order to reduce the corrosion of any structure, the voltage between the metal to be protected and a reference electrode must be controlled on a preset level called the full protection level. In this paper, a boost converter circuit and L298N integrated circuit were used as a control system to regulate the protection voltage on a preset identified range. The boost converter has been used to raise the supply voltage, while the L298N circuit has been used to regulate the boost converter voltage automatically by adjusting the duty cycle through the Arduino microcontroller.
Before the designing and implementing of the proposed controller, the effect of some different factors should be studied to understand the nature of the system and determine the controller voltage and current ranges. These factors are: The solution temperature, The dissolved oxygen, the anodecathode distance and the power of hydrogen. The photovoltaic array was employed to impress the electrical current to the system.

Keywords: Boost converter, cathodic protection, corrosion, impressed current, solar power.

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Analysis of Image Features Taken from Different Camera Types

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (137-151)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/137-151

Research Article By:

Ameen Mohammed Abd-Alsalam Selami

Corresponding author E-mail: ameen.selami@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

It is necessary to know how a camera resolution and/or its flashlight may affect the captured image properties and features, this is essential especially for those who work in the field of image processing. If the features are modified according to the mentioned two factors, they won’t be valid for processing and analysis, therefore a study should be planed to discover the impact of the presence or absence of those two factors on image features and this was implemented by this paper. Using 11 different digital and cell phone cameras (with and without the flashlight), some histogram and texture image features showed that they change in value and level according to these factors. The Mean feature remains in the high level and does not affect when the resolution of the camera changes from the low to high resolution, but in the cell phone it almost gives medium to high levels in all cases. The Variance of an image showed that in low resolution without flashlight, the camera and cell phone give the same result which is a high level, while the Entropy feature is not affected when the device changes from the normal camera to cell phone camera. More histogram features also are studied later. Contrast feature, as being a texture feature, has a low level in high resolution without a flashlight, Energy, correlation and Homogeneity features are studied and many results were concluded to the researchers who are concerned in image processing. Matlab 2015 and Microsoft Excel are used to complete this work.

Keywords: Image features, flash light, histogram features, texture features.

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Statistical Analysis of Meteorological Factors and Carbon Dioxide as an Air Pollutant in Al-Hilla City, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (130-136)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/130-136

Research Article By:

Ala’a Hamed Emran Al-Husseini

Corresponding author E-mail: a_alhusseini16@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to show the connection among an air pollution parameter and meteorological factors in Al-Hilla town. Data consists of daily averages of three meteorological factors (1.wind speed WS (m/s), 2.air temperature T (°C) and 3.relative humidity RH (%)) also, an air pollution parameter (carbon dioxide CO2) for the period 2015-2016. In order to describe the connection between the 4 variables, the multivariate statistical analysis is used. Multiple linear regression equations are used to express the connection between meteorological parameters which represent the independent variables and concentration of air pollutant which is the dependent variable, by SPSS and Excel software. The result is: decreasing in wind speed and air temperature be accompanied by moderate decreased in CO2 values. Increasing relative humidity be accompanied by moderate increased in CO2 values. Linear regression analysis indicates a moderate level of connection between carbon dioxide CO2 concentrations and the meteorological parameters in Al-Hilla city.

Keywords: Air pollutants, meteorological parameters, correlation coefficient, regression model.

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Analysis of Electrodes Consumption via the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Lead Removal from Simulated Wastewater

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (120-129)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/120-129

Research Article By:

Forat Yasir AlJaberi and Wadood T. Mohammed

Corresponding author E-mail: furat_yasir@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present work is to analyze the phenomenon of electrodes consumption (i.e. anode and cathode electrodes) when it used in a batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of lead from a synthesis wastewater. The studied operational parameters were the electrolysis time (5-60) minute, pH value (2-12), applied current (0.2-2.6)Amperes, and the initial concentration of lead and the stirring speed were fixed at 155ppm and 150rpm respectively. Aluminum concentric tubes were used as electrodes by making the outer and inner as the anode electrode and the rest in between as the cathode electrode. Statistica-10 and Minitab-17 statistical programs were used to analyze responses via response surface methodology (RSM) technique to find the correlations that relate to all variables. The results show that both of electrodes had consumed and increased or decreased in that way belong to the operating variables. Applied current and pH value of the simulated solution were founded as the main effect of electrode consumption.

Keywords: Simulated wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrodes consumption.

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Flexural Performance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Under Elevated Temperatures

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (113-119)

DOI:10.52113/3/2018-6-2/113-119

Research Article By:

Isam Mohamad Ali and Ali Hadi Adheem

Corresponding author E-mail: ali_isam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Historically, the flexural behavior of hybrid fiber cement composites is not completely understood using the traditional test methods. This research presents the results of an experimental investigations on a high performance cement composites (HPCC) containing both micro steel fibers (SF) and micro polypropylene fibers (PP) before and after elevated temperature exposure. The experimental program was developed to study the flexural performance (flexural strength, toughness and stiffness) under high temperature using mono and hybrid (SF) and (SF + PP) fibers. Mixtures were divided into eight different groups, with constant w/c of 0.28 and different fibers content.
Based on the results of this research, the replacing of micro (SF) in high performance cement composites by 15 % of micro (PP) fibers is recommended at high temperature exposure due to the fact that all hybrid fiber HPCC specimens show slight decreasing in flexural behavior compared to samples reinforced with 1% volume fraction of mono steel fibers after high temperature exposure.

Keywords: Flexural strength, cementitious composites, mono and hybrid fibers, elevated temp, FRC, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber.

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Non-linear analysis to improve punching shear strength in flat slab using z-shape shear reinforcement

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (65-70)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/65-70

Research Article By:

Abdulnasser Mohammed Abbas, Haleem K. Hussain and Ahmed Sagban Saadoon

Corresponding author E-mail: nasser21272@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Currently, flat slabs become one of the widely used structures due to its architectural benefits such as uncomplicated formwork, flexibility and minimum construction time. However, these structures are relatively weak to resist the punching shear due to a considerable lowering in stiffness induced from the development of cracks that resulting from axial and seismic loads. Moreover, the punching failure is considered a brittle failure caused by the transferring of unbalanced moments and shear forces between the structural members. Unfortunately, this may cause a catastrophic collapse, especially in the region of the slab-column. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical studies were done to improve the punching strength of the flat slab. In the current work; a finite element three-dimensional non-linear analysis has simulated by ABAQUS tool to investigate the structural behaviour of flat slab. Two specimens have considered, the first is a flat slab reinforced by ordinary steel reinforcement. While in the second one, a Z-shape shear rebar improvement has been added to the slab-column connection. The proposed model has reflected a reasonable enhancement to the flat slab. The analysis considers different parameters such as punching shear forces, deformations, and stresses of Von-Mises. The outcomes indicate that punching shear strength is increased by approximately 11.1%, and the deflections are decreased by 77.3% when the Z-shape reinforcement is used. In the meantime, stress concentrations were reduced and move from the slab-column connection.

Keywords: Flat slab, punching shear, shear reinforcement, FE analysis, ABAQUS.

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Urban Visual Quality Of Traditional Kut City Center

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (57-64)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/57-64

Research Article By:

Hussam S. O. Aldelphi

Corresponding author E-mail: hsachit@uowasit.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses of urban visual quality at Traditional Kut City Center as an important part of urban life concept. Where most of the traditional city centers suffer from unorganized interventions and urban disruption, affecting the identity and future of the city and its quality of urban life. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the study area was divided into three main areas: the river side, the middle part, and the part overlooking the residential units. A quantitative analysis of the city center (the three parts) was prepared and analyzed using the SWAT method.
A questionnaire was prepared and answered by a group of experts with expertise and specialization in the field of urban design and architecture to answer the set of axes allocated to the questionnaire. The research found that there is a positive correlation between these indicators. The more attention is paid to the visual urban image indicators of the traditional city center, the clearer the urban environment will be, thus increasing the city’s visual value and quality of life.
To improve the urban visual quality at Traditional Kut City Center, the research considers the need to attention of three vertical indicators, and look at to urban sustainability as an important part of enhancing the visual quality of the city center, where sustainability works with visual quality first by determining the standards of construction and urban intervention of the traditional city of Kut, And secondly, the morphological formation of the traditional center which is the main factor in the concept of enhancing the visual quality of urban centers in the cities.

Keywords: Visual quality, quality of life, urban identity, traditional city, Alkut city center.

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Architecture between Islamic thought and the phenomenon of deconstruct

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (44-56)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/44-56

Research Article By:

Abdullah Saadoon Salman

Corresponding author E-mail: absallah.asadoon@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

What inspires the learner or scholar in the field of architecture, as a need to satisfy, is the ability of the architect to deal with many of the architectural trends at the same time through the identification and investment in the creation of architectural configurations acceptable or have the balance among many architects. This approach has united the idea that architecture originated from a single source connected to man and his continuous quest to create an acceptable and acceptable environment. What interested the research is dealing with the Islamization of deconstruct architecture.
The research found the emerged from the architecture of deconstruct has achieved disjointed products of interpretation has been struck with the intention of the concept of unification in the architecture of Islam by abolishing the social concept and the impact of this in the creation of a unified architecture. While dealing with the texts shown in the Quran has achieved deconstruct as a purification of information by dealing with the phenomenon of production, it maintains its composition and do not deal with the deconstructive vision common to them. Or the circumference of the phenomenon as manipulated by the deconstruction through a distortion of the apparent configurations.

Keywords: Islam, thought of deconstruct, architecture thought.

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Influence of PVC Fiber Reinforcement on Shear Strength in Concrete Beams

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (34-43)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/34-43

Research Article By:

Kadhim Zuboon Nasser, Ali Abdulhasan Khalaf and Fadhil Kamil Idan

Corresponding author E-mail: Kadhimzuboon@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study adopted the investigation of the effect of a material that can be used as an alternative to steel reinforcement of shear in reinforced concrete beams, as the most susceptible to corrosion to which reduces the time service of the concrete structures and increase the maintenance costs is the steel reinforcement of shear for the closeness of surface of concrete. Therefor non-corroding material is needful for concrete structures and PVC fiber reinforcement is chosen. Experimentally nine reinforced concrete beams have been tested to determine the effect of PVC fiber reinforcement on the concrete beam resistance load, the load of cracks, deflection achieved and distribution with dimension of cracks. Three volume fraction ratios were taken for PVC fiber reinforcement (0, 0.25 and 0.5), which were identical to the shear reinforcement used in this research (0,0.29 and 0.54). All the concrete beams were tested with in on one program by applied a center load from the top in the middle to the failure load and the results were impressive. The specimens containing the PVC fiber reinforcement percentages achieved a remarkable increase in the crack and ultimate load of the concrete beams before and after cracks with direct effect in changing the failure type. While the deflection achieved due to the increase in PVC fiber percentage is more than the allowable deflection in the ACI Code equations of the reinforced concrete beams and more of these if the use of PVC fiber and steel reinforcement of shear together. A smaller measurement of the maximum cracks width was achieved by using advanced percentages of PVC fiber and shear reinforcement (0.5 and 0.54) respectively.

Keywords: PVC fiber, shear reinforcement, corrosion, crack load, ultimate load, crack width.

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Relevance the architectural formation with the properties place

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (23-33)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/23-33

Research Article By:

Hamid Ali Abed Almousawi and Dr. Mustafa kamil Alkhafaji

Corresponding author E-mail: hamed73.a@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The relevance is a strategy to express the privacy of the place، and that architecture uses shapes to reflect the objectives of the building. Activating the distinctive role of the architecture that associated with the site which includes the physical space، shape and place’s space during the global challenges of attempts to obliterate the environmental, historical and cultural differences، which necessitated the balance between man and the environment. Therefore, the research’s problem was to identify as “a lack of knowledge about the effect of place specificity on the architectural structure”. The objective of the research was to highlight the construction of a theoretical framework that helps designers to produce relevance ally of the buildings. The research hypothesis is based on the descriptive analysis approach in constructing a cognitive framework for the concept of formal relevance and extracting the most important vocabulary and special indicators, then applying them within the study. The study concluded by analyzing a group of local historical buildings in the city of Baghdad. The study concludes with “building a model that demonstrates the effect of place’s characteristics on architectural formation and its relation to place”. The results of the analysis showed that formal relevance contributes to the development and growth of the building’s integration with the environment surround it.

Keywords: Visual perception, formal relevance, privacy of place.

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The ultimate shear strength of SCC beams strengthened by inclined CFRP strips

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/01-09

Research Article By:

Sarmad Sh. Abdulqader, Ragheed F. Makki and Mohanad W. Mousa

Corresponding author E-mail: mzad2010@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an experimental study of structural behavior of selfcompacting reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear by inclined CFRP strips. The experimental work consists of casting and testing of nine simply supported reinforced concrete beams. In this study, three parameters were considered, the configuration of CFRP sheets wrapping system, i.e two sides and U-shape, effect of horizontal strap of CFRP strips and CFRP strengthening area. The results showed that the presence of the horizontal strap of CFRP strips on the inclined strips increases the shear strength and the ultimate carrying load capacity by 8 to 15% and 7 to 10%, respectively in compare with the wrapping system of the CFRP strips.

Keywords: Self-compacting concrete, shear strength, reinforced concrete, CFRP strips.

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Practical study on the electrochemical simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium from simulated wastewater using rotating tubular packed bed cathode

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (90-100)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-2/90-100

Research Article By:

Jenan H. Hemeidan and Ali H. Abbar

Corresponding author E-mail: hussainjenan@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium from a simulated wastewater using rotating tubular packed bed of woven screens electrode was investigated. The effect of weight present of each metal on the removal efficiency and current efficiency was studied. The experiments were carried out at current 1.5 A, rotation speed 450 rpm, pH=2, and total concentration of metals (300 ppm) at different weight percent of each metal. The results showed that the removal efficiency of copper increased from 93.5 % to 99.33% as its weight percent increased from 20% to100%. In a similar fashion, the removal efficiency of cadmium increased from 80% to 90% as its weight percent increased from 20% to100 %. The results confirmed that the removal efficiency of any metals decreased in the presence of other metal. The results established that current efficiency for the simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium decreased with increasing of electrolysis time and Cd percent weight or decreasing of Cu weight percent. Current efficiency is higher at the initial stage of electrolysis and then declined with increasing time for all weight percent of metals.

Keywords: Copper, cadmium, three-dimensional electrodes, rotating cylinder electrode, woven screens,
electrodeposition.

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Efficiency Development of Light Weight High Strength Concrete by using Carbon Fibers

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (82-89)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-2/82-89

Research Article By:

Haider Araby Ibrahim, Mohammed Bally Mahdi and Basim Jabbar Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: arabyhaider@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study aims to progress brittleness of the high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLWAC) by using Porcelinite stone as light weight aggregates and silica fume with water cement ratio 0.28 to give 41.34 MPa compressive strength at 28-days and reinforced with carbon fibers. Fifteen mixtures using in this work with three various lengths of (5mm, 10mm, and 20mm), five mixes for every length with volume fractions (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) of carbon fibers. The slump test, compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were investigated to determine the mechanical properties of (HSLWAC). The density of reference (HSLWAC) that was get through the experimental work was (1835 Kg/m3) at (28) days. The results shown that at general, the brittleness of (HSLWAC) improved with increased the content and length of carbon fibers, The optimum properties was for mix (L5) of 20mm length and 2% of carbon fibers of 45.44 MPa, 3.21MPa ,and 6.97MPa for compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength respectively.

Keywords: Light weight high strength concrete, carbon fibers, silica fume, compressive strength.

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Enhancement of electric field of bowtie nanoantenna

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (71-81)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2019-07-02/71-81

Research Article By:

Gufran A. Hassan and Jawad A. Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: gofabdh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A nanoantenna is designed to transform high frequency into energy. The proposed antenna is made of aluminuim. are shaped with a pair of nanoparticles brought in close nearness. Antennas separated by small gaps printed on a Si layer, which is designed as a flat-edge bowtie, with a ground plane at the under most of the substrate with a feeding putting in the gap of the bowtie antenna. The proposed antenna is designed using 3Delectromagnetic solver (CST) programs and analysed for the optimisation of metal thickness, gap size, and geometrical length. Simulations are conducted to investigate the behaviour of the nanoantenna illuminated by the linearly polarized plane wave. The nanoantenna parameters such as substrate thickness, feeding size, feeding type, and feeding material were changed to select the most efficient nanoantenna with a large directivity in our reaserch find the nanoantenna make a high electric field enhancement in their gap region. This specialty can be employed for SERS or biosensing to improve the detection limit and measure the presence of single molecules. For this, it is necessary to create antennas with enough small gaps, to be capable to recompense for the defects created during the fabrication process and reach antenna characteristics that are close to the ones presage by simulations.
The numerical simulations are studied to improve the best E-field of the antenna within the 250–700 THz frequency range. The proposed antenna offers multiple-resonance frequencies and good return loss in the frequency band of 310 THz, as well as an output electric field of 5.48 v/m to 7.8 v/m. Upon changing the type of feeding in the gap (without feeding, air feeding, dielectric silicon, or feeding), and we find that when using the air between the gap, the S-parameter is (-12.9) dB at the resonance frequency of (531.3) THz and the directivity is 7.41 dB at 666 THz incident frequency.

Keywords: Electric field, plasmonic, s-parameter, directivity.

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Affordable Housing and Cost Reduction Factors for Affordable Housing

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2020), Pages (32-41)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-1/32-41

Research Article By:

Moheamen Basim Ibrhim and Asmaa Khalid

Corresponding author E-mail: moheamen.alyassiry@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The importance of affordable housing has emerged recently due to the suffering of most urban areas and developing countries in particular from the high rates of population growth and migration to cities, in addition to the conditions of poverty and war, which led to the loss of many families for their housing units. (The need for a comprehensive knowledge framework clarifying the concept of affordable housing, choosing the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) at the local level in light of the country’s urgent need for affordable housing.) Accordingly, the objective of the research was to: (Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that clarifies the concept of affordable housing and choose the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) in accordance with local privacy).
The research hypothesis : (The factors and means of reducing housing costs (aspects of facilitation mentioned in the research) at the two levels (housing complex and housing unit) as well as choosing the housing style (vertical or horizontal) a role in achieving the principle of affordable housing and solving a large part of the housing crisis.
For the purpose of solving this problem, three phases were identified, including the construction of a theoretical framework, which included (4) vocabularies (characteristics of affordable housing, cost-raising factors, cost reduction factors, and dimensions of affordable housing). This is followed by the application of these vocabulary by electing two local samples. The extent of facilitation and comparability between them. The results showed that the vertical building pattern (residential buildings) is characterized by its lack of large areas of residential land, thus it is characterized by being less expensive than horizontal construction. This does not prevent investors from building high-quality residential towers targeting the rich.

Keywords: Affordable housing, better housing, cost reduction.

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Design a solar powered evaporative cooling system D.C motors with Peltier device

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2020), Pages (26-31)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-1/26-31

Research Article By:

Mohammed Hammoodi Jasim, Karrar A. Alakoul and Hussein Kareem Sultan

Corresponding author E-mail: mlakmhmd5277@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The research shows employing sundog cells for cooling process by design, progress of “evaporative cooling system”. All this to offer inexpensive method, devours more virtue as well as few energies in contrast with ordinary “evaporative cooling system”. Consequently, this paper focuses “in the design and creation ” direct current (DC) evaporative cooling system” incorporated with “photovoltaic (PV) system” formed from “PV panels, solar charger, converter, batteries” and insert to innermost of refrigerator by Peltier. “Evaporative cooling system” depend on stellar also work in free areas. Also, solar energy is charge effectual, renewable, no environmental pollution. So finally fantastic method.

Keywords: Solar energy, centrifugal fan, evaporative cooling, D.C pump, battery and Peltier.

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The Effect of the Spatial Organization Characteristics in Reducing the Crime in Al-Hila City

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2020), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-1/01-09

Research Article By:

Ameera Jaleel Ahmed and Sabah Mohamed abd Mosehab

Corresponding author E-mail: ameera_jaleel@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The present work is about an organized crime which is considered a serious phenomenon that generally comes upon the world and especially in the Iraqi area. In recent decades, Al-Hilla City has suffered from spread variety of crimes, which lead the citizens to lack the sense of security. For this reason, it is seen it is significant to study this phenomenon with a new parallel phenomenon which causes their appearance. In addition, it is thought that this topic has not been tackled yet. The problem of the study lies in the lack of holistic scientific knowledge about the role of the synthetic properties of spatial organization for the city of Al-Hilla in crime growing. The study aims at establishing a holistic knowledge of that role. To deal with the problem of the research, an inductive approach (descriptive- analytical) has been adopted. The data is got from the responsible security institutions and is analyzed through invest the calculation method (space syntax).
The results of the research showed that there are four areas ((4 zones) where crime is concentrated in the city and the growth of crime is related to the change of the synthetic characteristics of spatial organization (Connectivity, control, and Integration) of urban space. On the other hand, the diversity of crime in urban areas is related to other parallel phenomena and not to the structural characteristics of urban space.

Keywords: Urban environment, spatial organization, connectivity, integration, control.

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The Method and Intellectual Repercussion in Architecture

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2020), Pages (17-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-2/17-24

Research Article By:

Ahmed Hashim Hameed and Basim Hasan Hashim

Corresponding author E-mail: 90047@uotechnology.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The architectural studies in general dealt with the study of several concepts that have an important role in the design part as well as providing preparation and support of its requirements, procedures, and rules for a variety of aspects and details. The current research directed towards a specified study of the relationship of two influential concepts within the framework of architectural design. These concepts are; the method and its relationship to the state of intellectual repercussion with the necessity of introducing, clarifying and defining the general knowledge frameworks for the nature of those relations and the effect of the indicators of that situation with respect to the general knowledge about them.
This research is Directed to define the general frameworks of the basic research concepts, which are both the method and the repercussion with other concepts that are influential, design, thought or thinking, to determine the cases of interconnection between them and then to refer these cases to several levels, and to propose the models adopted from the studies and architectural proposals, which will determine the indicators needed to define the situation The correlation between the basic concepts of research (method and repercussion) within the framework of the field of architecture to show that the final outcome refers to the adoption of the repercussion as an instrument or preparation for the benefit of the method within the architectural design.

Keywords: Method, design, idea, thinking, repercussion.

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Treatment of organic compounds resulting from oil refineries under solar light and reuse it for industrial purpose

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (20-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/20-24

Research Article By:

Shyamaa A. Mohammed, Sundus S. Al-Azawiey and Ahmed Hasan Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: shiemaa@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured routinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

Keywords: Photocatalytic treatment; refinery; wastewater treatment; ZnO photocatalyst.

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The Interstitial in Structural System in Architecture

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (06-19)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/06-19

Research Article By:

Jinan Hassan M. AlAnbaky and Hadeel Saad Razoki Al-mur’ib

Corresponding author E-mail: jana_arch@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Previous knowledge has shown a concept revealing different boundaries and relations of building spaces with its outer shell; which represent the boundaries of these spaces. This concept is called interstitial space which is based on creating an interlocution and communication within this space giving a new understanding of meaning and a new approach in architectural formation. This concept of knowledge description has varied as it is linked once to its nature or again to the built environment levels whether it’s architectural or urban diverged within the academic and social context, as well as the blurring relationship nature of this space with the structural system of the building. Therefore, the problem state of this research, which goal focuses on, is highlighted as “the urge to investigate the concept of interstitial structure characteristics”. Yet the methodology of the research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach consisting of three phases; phases one is to build a theoretical framework about the characteristics of the interstitial space in architecture; second is to conduct a practical study and identify several samples of buildings vary in their structural systems (traditional, structural and space); then analyze data and identify the conclusions of which the interstitial space grows and expands physically and expressively with the presence of the recent constructive systems and the lack of presence of the Interstitial spaced has led to spatial differentiation and closed toward inside especially those designed parametrically and reflect it in the other traditional and structural constructive systems.

Keywords: Interstitial space, structural system, building shell, form/structure.

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