Category: Uncategorized

Conflict Resolution on Lesser Zab and Diyala Rivers Basins Using Game Theory Approach (Part-I)

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (95-101)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/95-101

Research Article By:

عبد العزيز محمد طيب معروف، كامل علي عبد المحسن و مريوان رضا اغا

Corresponding author E-mail: azizmtt90@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The Iraqi water shares from Lesser Zab River (LZR) and Diyala River (DR) is greatly affected by Iranian intensions and attitudes because of its geographic positions as a source country. Consequently, it becomes so warrant to adopt some arrangements that regulate the water relations between those two countries. The current study is an attempt toward finding a reasonable solution for the potential conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR. The water facts on those rivers are pointed out that the annual average flows recorded during 70’s of the last century were 6.2 and 6.0 BCM for LZR and DR respectively. However, and over the last 20 years or so, these flows have been reduced to only 4.8 and 3.3 BCM respectively. The calculated future demand in the Iranian side of the LZR is estimated to be 0.175 BCM, while the demand in the Iraqi side is around 7.2 BCM. As far as DR is of concern, Iran consumes 3.1 BCM and Iraqi needs are 9.9 BCM. It is clear that the future demands is surpassed the expected future supply from the two rivers. One can conclude that the conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR is imminent. Part-I of the study is concerning with the application of Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR-II) which is rooted in game theory and system engineering approaches, for the purpose of resolving the potential water conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR. While Part-II, is to find a simplified method to facilitate the application of the solution that emerges from the part-I in a practical and systematic manner. This will be the subject of a subsequent paper.

Keywords: Conflict resolution, game theory, GMCR-II.

Get Full Access / pdf

Experimental Study of Rectangular Footing under Inclined and Eccentric load on Geogried Reinforced Sand

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (87-94)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/87-94

Research Article By:

Jawdat K. Abbas and Nasr A. Hasan

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.jawdatkhadim@tu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the behavior of a rectangular footing subjected to inclined and eccentric load on geo-grid reinforced sand by using laboratory modeling. Small model was used to simulate the behavior of rectangular surface footings (length to width ratios of the footings were equal to 1, 1.25, and 1.5). The effect of the eccentricity and inclination of applied load on the bearing capacity, settlement, horizontal displacement and tilt were investigated. The load eccentricity varies from (0, 0.05B, 0.1B to 0.15B) and the load inclination varies from (00, 50, 100, 150) . The dry sand is reinforced by multiple layers (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of Geo-grid. The results illustrated that by increasing the number of reinforcement layers, the bearing capacity increased, but there is an optimum value (5). In general, for central, inclination and eccentricity loading the results indicated that by increasing the number of reinforcement layers (N) the bearing capacity increased while settlement, horizontal displacement and tilt decreased.

Keywords: Bearing capacity, eccentric load, inclined load, geo-grid, reinforced sand, rectangular footing.

Get Full Access / pdf

Symbolic investment of valuable prisons

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (77-86)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/77-86

Research Article By:

أيمن عبد الحسين محمد جواد العبيدي و عباس علي حمزه ال كريزه

Corresponding author E-mail: aymenalobaide@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The value of prisons is characterized by the total meanings contained within, and the similarities between their walls as a result of certain events or actions that took place between them and which have their impact and their association with the memory of the community and formed an important part of their social identity, Although some of these buildings have many components historical, and heritage-related events in its spatial history, which are reliable development potentials to restore sustainable economic growth by perpetuating its and making it as guidance and informational documents for society. But it suffered from mismanagement, guidance and use by The competent authorities led to the result of these symbolic places atrophy and thus the loss of the privacy of her event. Hence the research problem, which was (the lack of knowledge available about the nature of the investment of the symbolic value of prisons in the commemoration of her memory, so as to ensure their interaction and community outreach) In order to achieve the research objective, which is to (create a comprehensive theoretical framework for the nature of commemorating the prisons by investing their symbolic value and achieving their interaction with the society that contains them). This requires the adoption of an analytical descriptive approach based on building a comprehensive theoretical framework, and then analyze results, To give the conclusions to explore the nature of the commemoration of prisons according to their symbolic data.

Keywords: The valuable prisons, commemoration, functional reformation, symbolic investment, community memory.

Get Full Access / pdf

Evaluation of Environmental Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Countries with Crisis Case Study from Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (67-76)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/67-76

Research Article By:

Isam Alyaseri and Wissam Al-Madi

Corresponding author E-mail: ialyase@gmail.com & ialyase@siu.edu

ABSTRACT

During last four decades, Iraq had faced multiple political crisis which reduced its ability to encounter emerging environmental problems. As of now, wastewater contamination is one problem that the country is lacking proper infrastructures capable of dealing with. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plants in the country over time. Barakia wastewater treatment plant is one of the major wastewater treatment plants in Al-Najaf province in Iraq. The plant was taken as a case study to test the trend of the environmental performance. Parameters of BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4, NO3, NH3, O&G, H2S, and CL- were used to test the performance. Ten years data were collected and evaluated. The plant showed downward ability to reduce contaminants efficiently, and recently, the plant turned to be one of the major polluters in the province. Overloading of the plant beyond its design capacity, high frequent power outage, absence of retrofitting advanced treatment such as filtration and nutrients removal, and lack of maintenance and repair parts were the main causes of the plant’s poor performance. Iraq, due to its current economic situation may need an international assistance to reverse this trend of degradation.

Keywords: Developing countries, Iraq, river contamination, performance of wastewater treatment.

Get Full Access / pdf

Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Methods of Concrete with the Aid of Maturity Concept with the Aid of Maturity Concept

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (57-66)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/57-66

Research Article By:

Khalid Zakaria, Rabi Muyad Najem and Salwa Mubarak

Corresponding author E-mail: ce_rabi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This research aims at the evaluation of concrete compressive strength by non destructive testing techniques namely, the maturity concept test in addition to the hammer (rebound), and the ultrasonic scan tests. A comparison of results is then to be conducted to estimate the accuracy of the method. The real ability and the introduction of the maturity concept test is the main focus of this work since it takes into consideration the combined effect of temperature and age on the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as the interaction between site and laboratory testing . A total number of 14 cylinders and a square slab of 900 x 900 x 70 mm of the same mix were tested for the maturity strength relationship with heat sensors imbedded into the specimens slab and two additional cylinders also at the age of 56 days the same concrete was tested by the hammer and ultrasonic scan, the results showed good agreement giving a compressive strength of 32.2 MPa, 28.0 MPa and 29.7 MPa for the maturity, ultrasonic and hammer tests respectively.

Keywords: Concrete, maturity concept, non destructive testing.

Get Full Access / pdf

Illogic Character To Receipt In Architecture

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (36-46)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/36-46

Research Article By:

أحمد هاشم حميد العقابي

Corresponding author E-mail: dr_ahmed524@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Generally Architectural proposition has focused on studying general concepts in architecture which has an Action in the practical frame, one of these basic concepts is the receiving concept whirl it has been presented in it is general scheme and its relationship with other various concepts in architecture field; this paper studied the receiving concept in new scheme whirl did not studied before, the new scheme related to logical and nonlogical nature of the receiving concept so the general vision of this paper coordinated to distinguish the proposed themes in sight of the architectural knowledge around it. This paper aims to define the general visions for studying the receiving concept in its general form in the architecture and attempt to present defining forms to specify the ability of distinguishing existence of the concept in its logical and non-logical nature by specifying the scientific proposal and build theoretical frame consisting pointers and practical values of knowledge sample adopted as a case study and analyze the results of that sample and discuss the results of the pointers of different forms and conclude the final conclusions and future works.

Keywords: Architecture, logic, illogic, dual, receiving.

Get Full Access / pdf

Effect of Repeated Loads on Steel – Concrete Composite Beams with High Strength Reinforced Concrete

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (47-56)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/47-56

Research Article By:

Suhaib Yahya Al-Darzi

Corresponding author E-mail: suhaib darzi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The present study utilized an experimental tests to investigate the effects of using High Strength Concrete (HSC) on ultimate resistance, deflection and slip of steel-concrete composite beam under monotonic and repeated loads. Sixteen beams divided into four groups having concrete with compressive strength of 25, 42.6, 43.3 and 43.9MPa investigated experimentally. Results indicated that the use of HSC increases the carrying loading capacity of the beams by about 18.82 % and 52.91 % under monotonic and repeated loads, respectively. The beam resistance decreased under repeated load in comparison with monotonic load by about 5 % to 28.53 %. Use the fiber increases the ultimate strength by about 10 % to 28.65 %, and decrease the deflection and slipping by 15 % and 26.5 %, respectively. The ultimate strength estimated experimentally are less than the AISC-LRFD specifications’ formulas.

Keywords: Beam flexure test, high performance concrete, fiber concrete, composite beam, repeated load.

Get Full Access / pdf

Multiple Vehicles Detection Using A Hybrid Segmentation Technique

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (25-35)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/25-35

Research Article By:

Ahmed Freidoon Fadhil

Corresponding author E-mail: ahmedfadhil83@uokirkuk.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The visual analysis of moving objects has been an important computer vision research area. As the number of vehicles is increasing on the roads, the need for accurate detection of vehicles is rising. A hybrid segmentation method that combines background subtraction, threshold segmentation, morphological operators, and watershed segmentation is proposed in this paper.
The shadow has a vital effect on the performance of many fields like tracking, classification, detection, and shape analysis. The shadow presented in the data used in this paper was successfully removed using watershed and shape analysis. Since the connected vehicles touch each other in the boundary only, the watershed transform can correctly isolate these touching cars. The proposed system overcomes the over-segmentation drawbacks of the watershed transform by applying it to the gradient of the image rather than the image itself.
Finally, shape analysis is used to remove large shadow parts which lead to the detection of the vehicles only. An accuracy detection rate of 97% was reported from the highway video which is astonishing result compared to existing methods. The proposed algorithm was coded using MATLAB R2014b programming language. The accuracy and simplicity of the proposed system make it applicable for real-time traffic surveillance Applications.

Keywords: Detection, background subtraction, threshold method, watershed transform, and shape analysis.

Get Full Access / pdf

Fresh and Hardened Characteristics of Sustainable Self-Compacting High Performance Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (14-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/14-24

Research Article By:

Haider Mohammed Owaid

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.haider.ma@uobabylon.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly presents the producing of self-compacting high performance concrete (SCHPC) incorporating silica fume (SF) as a supplementary cementing material. Various percentages of replacement by weight of cement were tried including 5, 10 and 15%. The water/ binder (W/B) ratio and total binder content for all types of mixes were fixed at 0.30 and 484 kg/m3, respectively. The fresh properties of SCHPCs were investigated by slump flow, T50, V-funnel flow time and L-box (blocking ratio) tests. The hardened properties of SCHPCs were tested for bulk density, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results showed that there was a progressive decrease in flowability properties of SCHPC with increasing SF content. Whereas, test results the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths and UPV increased with increase in SF levels. Furthermore, SCHPC mixture contains 10% cement replacement of SF exhibited higher values of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and UPV compared with control mix of SCHPC for 28 days. The final conclusion is that SF can be used as a sustainable supplementary cementing material in producing self-compacting high performance concretes.

Keywords: Self-compacting high performance concrete (SCHPC); silica fume; pozzolanic activity; fresh properties; hardened properties.

Get Full Access / pdf

Earthquake Rating of Pore Water Pressure Generation – Induced Liquefaction of Earth Fill Embankments by Numerical Simulation

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/01-13

Research Article By:

Baydaa Hussain Maula, Hussein Yousif Aziz and Kareem Hassan Alwan

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.maula@itbaghdad.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The collapse of embankments, dams and slopes in the Arab world has become a phenomenon need to stand on the causes and consequences. The magnitude of the devastation due to Liquefaction phenomenon need to take the necessary precautions to reduce potential losses. Investigation of the (naturalist and imitation) of slopes and embankments stability is a hard geotechnical errand. Therefore embankments numerical study is implementing to diminish the situation of falling flat slants and rashes during shaking through appropriate FEM software. The FOS and liquefaction potential trend are obtained using finite element technique “Newmark” deformation analysis. The conformity of the analysis is verified by inquiry a layered slope of two altered soil deposits exposed to earthquake shaking. The conclusion from the study proved that the soil stratified trend has an immediate influence on the stability of the slope due to shaking and it is the simplest technique to reduce shaking effect. All combined phenomena which have delivered serious harm all over the world concentrated under quake examined under a record of 0.1 to 0.5g with particular case study to explore liquefaction zones due to the quake. Changeability of textural properties of soil layers affecting FOS and liquefaction has been examined for embankments. This study comes to put a highlight on Mosul Dam problem and give some suggestion and conclusions to its problems.

Keywords: Seizmic zones; geostudio 2007; erathfill dam; Imitation slope; numerical simulation; Mousl.

Get Full Access / pdf

The expressive relationship between the external formation and the internal void

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (96-112)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/96-112

Research Article By:

باسم حسن الماجدي، مصطفى علي مدلول و سراج جبار المرشدي

Corresponding author E-mail: basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The architectural styles and Methods it Appeared and that were varied and Multiply to bear a distinct and aesthetic identity, especially in the external form and predicates in internal structure of the building. The conditions surrounding the building had a great effect in the formulation of the architectural work represented in the internal composition of the spaces based on the prevailing ruling thought which was accompanied by the external configuration also strong and clear architecturally And Idiomatic, With a variety of time periods accompanied by a difference in cultural, social and intellectual values, there is a philosophy of architectural expression carried by that relationship between architectural and conceptual philosophical design which is used to understand the relationship between external configuration and internal configuration , Therefore, the research problem came with (the absence of a clear perception of the expressive relationship between the external configuration and the internal space and its effect on the recipient). Which called for studying the intellectual approaches to the relationship between the external configuration and the internal vacuum Which led to the search for a general framework for understanding the mechanisms of architectural expression at the philosophical and design level , and then formulate and test the virtual perceptions of the research and application by asking a questionnaire form, which depends on the theoretical framework drawn from a group of residents from within the field of architecture (Department of Architecture, University of Babylon), On a set of research samples. The research adopted qualitative measurement of results. The research found that the use of the principle of integration in architecture requires an expressive relationship between form and space, emphasizing this intellectual compatibility and achieving the visual pleasure of the recipient.

Keywords: External formation, internal space, architectural expression mechanisms, integration, contradiction.

Get Full Access / pdf

Urban Consolidation

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (76-95)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/76-95

Research Article By:

خنساء غازي رشيد و مصطفى علي مدلول

Corresponding author E-mail: khansaa_rasheed@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The concept of urban consolidation is linked to the policies of modern urban development, which involves adding new urban parts to the fabric of the city to produce an integrated urban system in which the objectives of urban development initiatives are realized through the physical structure of the city, Where contemporary urban trends called for a link between new and existing urban parts. The concept of urban consolidation has crystallized in many propositions, Which did not take the relationship between the existing and new urban order, and the process of creating a new interactive urban environment with the existing fabric. The research problem was related to (unclear characteristics and mechanisms of integration of the consolidated urban system). Research objectives emerged (put a model of mechanisms for integrating the consolidation urban system and re-evaluating urban development projects in the city of Baghdad). To process the problem of research, a theoretical framework for the concept of urban consolidation was constructed through the relationship between the old and new systems. Virtual perceptions were put forward at ( The integration of the new urban system with the existing system is achieved when adopting the objectives of development initiatives(Social, economic, and functional program). The main research hypothesis and secondary hypothesis were tested in two contemporary urban development projects, where the application level was determined within areas characterized by the inclusion of an existing fabric and urban parts were added for developmental purposes . The research found a discrepancy in the characteristics of the integrated urban system within the three urban systems, which affect the variation of the integration of the new addition within its existing context.

Keywords: Consolidation, urban system, characteristics of the consolidation, urban system, objectives of development Initiatives, urban integration.

Get Full Access / pdf

The community participation authority in the empowerment of architectural products

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (64-75)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/64-75

Research Article By:

باسم حسن هاشم الماجدي و هديل سعد رزوقي

Corresponding author E-mail: Basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The community participation its one of empowering strategy considered as a contemporary concepts within the 20th century which enable us to connect (designer and community empowering production aims to free the potential of individuals, and involve them in the process of construction as success depends on the harmony of the individuals needs with an organized vision of long-term goals. In this light, the problem of research was determined as ( the lack of knowledge clarity about the concept of community participation as a reflection of the power of society in the empowerment of production in contemporary architecture ).
According to this research problem, the hypothesis of research has been determined (The strategy of community participation represent an indicator to the level of integration between society designer to enable architectural production. The efficient societal participation may produced an important level of sustainability) The aim of the research is (To achieve the objective of the research, the comprehensive theoretical framework is required through the basic vocabulary (empowerment, , participation mechanisms, characteristics of participatory production sustainable empowerment) that have been applied to selected samples.
Toward the final stage, which focused on analyzing and discussing the results and determining the final conclusions. society through the analysis and measurement of the variables to find that the results varied as the main and secondary according to the infrastructure of the community and prove its importance in reaching the highest degrees of participation to achieve a product acceptable to the community and satisfaction of the designer.

Keywords: Empowerment, community participation, product, community sustainability.

Get Full Access / pdf

Study the Effects of Improving Power Factor on Electrical Distribution Network in Al-Muthanna Governorate

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (52-63)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/52-63

Research Article By:

Ali Abed Aljabar Hussen Al-Samawi

Corresponding author E-mail: aliasamaw@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper represents analysis and study the effects about improve power factor for an electric distribution network in Al- Muthanna governorate, and show method Calculation of power factor, apparent power, reactive power and current, compare these results with regard to before and after the improved power factor in the electric distribution network in Al- Muthanna governorate. This paper represents the results of the improvement of the power factor by increasing the efficiency and the capacity of the electrical system…etc. Calculation of the percentage of the reduction of electric power losses and calculating the monthly cost of this reduction The difference in the apparent power between before and after improvement is 19.5 MVA from the change of power factor in 78 feeders of the electric distribution network of Al- Muthanna Governorate.

Keywords: Power factor, relative power.

Get Full Access / pdf

Simulation of Cylindrical Body Structure Subjected to Flow in Different Reynolds Number Regimes

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (45-51)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/45-51

Research Article By:

Mohammed J. Mawat

Corresponding author E-mail: mohammed.mawat@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A vacillating forces on the body are causes by The vortex shedding vacillate, and generating a cyclic variation in two directions, cross flow(CF), in same direction of flow and in-line(IL) with direction normal to flow. Determination of the force components, (CF) and (IL) directions is important when doing further Lock-in state. As a choice an alternative to response models the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations is presented and can be adopted for vortex induced vibration (VIV) analysis to conquer the restrictions of the status approach of practice engineering. To estimate the lift and drag coefficients the turbulent flow is simulated depending on shear stress transport(SST) of k-ω turbulence model with characteristics which utilized time dependent test (transient) using ANSYS FLUENT 16.1 and examined at various values of Reynolds number (30, 75, 200 and 1000) with uniform velocities of (0.06, 0.15, 0.4 and 2) m/s to overcome laminar, transport and turbulence regimes. At Re < 40 no lift force component will effect on the cylinder, then it clearly appears in the regime Re greater than 40.

Keywords: Computational fluid dynamic, Reynolds number, vortex induced vibration, Von Karman street.

Get Full Access / pdf

Wemos-D1 and Raspberry Pi3 Based Smart Communication and Control of Home Appliances System

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (29-44)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/29-44

Research Article By:

Bilal Naji Alhasnawi and Basil Hani

Corresponding author E-mail: bilalnaji11@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Expansion in smart home technology assists people around the world to improve the quality of life individuals. Various smart home technologies considered in our work include Email based smart home systems, Bluetooth based smart home systems, Global System for Mobile communication or mobile based smart home systems, Short Messaging Service based smart home systems and Internet-based smart home systems. We need a low power device that transmits messages through a less verbose protocol. Owing to the ubiquitous availability of WiFi, all the appliances within a home can be connected through a common gateway (Raspberry pi3). This paper presents an overview of a lightweight Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Sensors and actuators are connected to Wemos-D1 board. In the prototype home, we implemented MQTT on Raspberry pi3 and Wemose-D1 board.

Keywords: MQTT; raspberry Pi3 board; home devices; sensors; wemose-D1 board.

Get Full Access / pdf

Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Properties for Amalgam Reinforced by NiCrMo Nanowires

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (20-28)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/20-28

Research Article By:

Rana Afif Anaee, Alaa Hassan Ali, Farooq Hassan Ali and Ahmed Rajih Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: ah.ra34@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

NiCrMo nanowires with four weight percents include 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 wt% have been added to conventional amalgam to improve its properties especially thermal conductivity which is represented important property to reduce the sensation of root for hot and cold foods and beverages. NiCrMo nanowires were selected because they closed in composition to the known dental alloy (Ni-Cr alloy). SEM technique was used to characterize the modified structure of nanocomposites.
The thermal conductivity was decreased after adding NiCrMo nanowires to amalgam and the reduction is increases with increasing wt% of nanowires, this is due to the dominance of smooth temperature dependence by nanowires which suggest a phononphonon or phonon-defect scattering. AFM inspection also was achieved to show the morphology of surface in addition to measure roughness, and the results showed the decreasing in roughness of amalgam/nanowires composites compared with amalgam due to decreasing in surface irregularities by adding nanowires. This reduction in roughness leads to decrease the accumulation of bacteria on amalgam and then reducing biocorrosion. Also, microhardness of amalgam/NWs composites was increased compared with conventional amalgam and the increment increased with increasing wt% of nanowires. The increment in microhardness is suggested the filling of vacancies within amalgam by nanowires and getting more coherent for components in amalgam especially with Hg which is the main cause of the reduction in hardness. On the other word, in present work, we improved thermal conductivity in addition to get more microhardness and less surface roughness by adding nanowires. Simulation study was achieved for thermal properties to confirm the role of NiCrMo nanowires to reduce heat.

Keywords: NiCrMo nanowires; thermal analysis; ANSYS 15; conventional amalgam.

Get Full Access / pdf

Study and evaluation of green spaces according to standards and efficiency of implementation

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (10-19)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/10-19

Research Article By:

أحمد فائق المظفر

Corresponding author E-mail: ahmedf.jaber@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Most cities in Iraq are suffering at present, as is evident from the significant rise in temperature in the city as a whole and its centers in particular. This is due to the increase of built-up areas and building blocks at the city level, which is offset by the absence of a successful design and planning that limits and reduces the observed increase in temperature In addition, there is no balance between the built-up areas and the green areas according to the Iraqi standard determined by the Ministry of Housing, which is developed for one person, which in turn reduces the sharp impact of the temperature in the city If there is a certain percentage, if it is implemented, the land remains empty. There is no green space, but it turns into dirt that increases the temperature of the city and increases its pollution by soil and waste. the research problem was formed (by not implementing the real standard for green spaces and neglecting the port). The aim of the research is to ( identify the real standard for green spaces and to identify the reality of the green spaces implemented in modern residential neighborhoods) . The hypothesis of the research is that (the green spaces implemented correctly according to the standard have a positive role in reducing the local temperature).

Keywords: Green spaces, planning standards for green spaces, temperature, local climate, the status of green spaces implemented.

Get Full Access / pdf

Evaluation of Air Pollution in Al Nahrawan region-Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/01-09

Research Article By:

احمد سمير ناجي

Corresponding author E-mail: ahmednamesamir@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Al Nahrawan is located within the plain of the sedimentary plain to the northeast of the city of Baghdad by about 35 km. Brick factories are considered the main pollution sources in this region. Toxic substances, trace elements and carbonic substances are emitted from the fuel used in the Brick factories causing environmental pollution, Because of poor quality of fuel, lack of purity, absence of proper processing unit and insufficient height of the chimneys (stack). In the current study, the equipment of collection the suspend particles was used which it content 8 filters, these filters are holed the suspend particles. The concentrations of 9 toxic metals were also measured. The average total suspend particles (TSP) was 2391.8 μg/m3 where it’s considered high as compared with the global and local acceptable limits. Toxic metals concentrations were also more than the acceptable limit in all stations. This study is concluded that the brick factories are the main source of the pollutant in this region and using of heavy fuel is the main causes therefore the recommendation of this study is the improving or exchanging the fuel is necessary and using acceptable treatments unit to reduce the pollution.

Keywords: Brick factories, Al Nahrawan, air pollution, total suspend solid, heavy meatals.

Get Full Access / pdf

The Impact of Abandoned Buildings on the Quality of Urban-Scape

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (222-236)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/222-236

Research Article By:

وحدة شكر الحنكاوي و محمود حسين محمد علي

Corresponding author E-mail: wahdahankawi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cities pass through several transformations during their stages of development, the most influential was the one that accompanied the industrial revolution and modernity, resulting in scattered structures, functional requirements and industrial activities that affected cities spatially. The advancement of knowledge, technological development, innovation, and industrial progress in the post-industrial era had a great impact on the adoption of more technological applications in conjunction with the global transformations and globalization, this has resulted in the phenomenon of neglected buildings. which has been reflected in buildings, structures, industrial zones, and the quality of urban fabric, and its scene, from which the problem of research was identified as “lack of cognitive perception showing the impact of neglected buildings on the urbans cape “. In order to address the research’s problem, a comprehensive theoretical framework was developed for the concept of abandoned buildings, the main reasons, levels of abandonment, and neglect in general. The most important suggestions the impact the quality of the urbans cape, in particular, The research has reached special conclusions, recommendations, procedures and requirements for the owners of buildings to achieve and reduce its negative impact on the urban-scape.

Keywords: Abandoned buildings, urban-scape, urban fabric, urban decomposition.

Get Full Access / pdf