Category: Uncategorized

Studying effect of static concentration for chemical machining on surface roughness and metal removal rate for low carbon steel

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (22-26)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/22-26

Research Article By:

نسرين داخل فهد

Corresponding author E-mail: nasreend.aboghnim@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Chemical machining is one of non traditional machining methods. It is necessary to study the main foundations of the process and the parameters affecting this process. In this research worked to reach the higher surface smoothness and lowest metal removal when a low carbon steel alloy was machined. Been using this alloy of chemically machined using etchant solution (Ferric chloride FeCl3) .Factors that have been studied: machining time and concentration of etchant where three concentrations were studied (20, 40 and 60%). Each sample was machined by different times (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min).Metal removal rate was calculated depending on weight loss due to chemical machining based on corrosion mechanism. Performed tests hardness, surface roughness and an atomic force microscope examination of the surfaces of the samples chemically machined before the process and after it. Results showed that minimum surface roughness recorded in chemical machining when concentration of etchant (60%) and time (1) min. Among the factors used in the study concentration of etchant was the most important influence on metal removal rate and surface roughness.

Keywords: Chemical machining, low carbon steel, surface rufness, Metall Removal Rate (MRR).

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The Use of Crushed Brick Waste for The Internal Curing In Cement Mortar

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (16-21)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/16-21

Research Article By:

Alaa Ahmed Shakir

Corresponding author E-mail: alaa.shakir@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Internal curing has become a modern technology holds promises for making a durable mortar and decreasing early-age cracking. Since mortar service life is a crucial factor of providing sustainable structures, internal curing can provide a distinct contribution to increase the sustainability of our nation’s building. This study shows results of an experimental investigation of using crushed brick waste (CBW) in cement mortar mixtures prepared by substituting sand by some percentages (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) of (CBW). Three curing regimes were adopted in this study: water curing by immersing specimens in water for 28 days, partially water curing by immersing specimens in water for 3 days and left them in laboratory for 24 days and air curing in laboratory for 28 days without immersing samples in water to recognize an ideal methodology for determining whether a given (CBW) can be used for internal curing in cement mortar. Fresh density, hardened density, compressive strength, water absorption, and modulus of rupture were tested. Results indicated that fresh and hardened density, compressive strength and modulus of rupture were decreased with the addition of (CBW). However, they were higher for mortars cured in air conditions than those cured in water and partially water curing. Water absorption was increased with the increase of (CBW). It was demonstrated that air cured mortar give good results for mechanical properties as compared with water cured mortar, hence (CBW) can be used for internal curing in cement mortar especially in finishing works.

Keywords: Crushed brick waste, internal curing, water curing, partial waste curing, air curing, mortar properties.

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Study of Differential Scanning Calorimetry on Phase Precipitation in Various Heat Treatments of AlZnMgCu Aluminum Alloys

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (10-15)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/10-15

Research Article By:

Haider Tawfiq Naeem

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.haider.ta@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Powers compensation of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been utilized to revealed and analyze the phases of precipitations in the complex quaternary of Zinc (6.7wt. %) _ Magnesium (2.8 wt. %) _ Copper (1.8 wt. %) _Aluminum alloys manufactured by the process of the Semi-Direct Chill Casting. The casted Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys slabs were homogenizing at the different temperatures. Firstly under treatment 450°C for 2 hours follow by treatment 470°C for 1 day and then treatment at 480°C for 40 minutes, then all casted samples have quenched in cold water after each step. The treated homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu samples that were underwent the artificial ageing at 120 °C for 1 day, and then retrogression at 180°C for 2400sec. and then reageing at 120°C for 1 day. The outcomes proved that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed information of the DSC thermal analyses which were obtained through various heat treatments of the three samples AlZnMgCu alloy. The outcomes have explained that the DSC data are helping in understanding the changes the peaks of temperatures as well the enthalpy values for the forming and dissolution the equilibrium phase’s and precipitation compounds within the artificial againg (with the pea-temper) and the Retrograession and Re-Againg- (RRA) treatments were conducting for Al_Zn_Mg_Cu alloy samples.

Keywords: Al_Zn_Mg_Cu alloys, heat treatment, transition phases, DSC.

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Improvement of Structural Properties for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam using Silica Fume with Polypropylene Fibers

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/01-09

Research Article By:

Rafid Saeed Atea

Corresponding author E-mail: Rafid1980@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of silica fume and polypropylene fibers to gather on the mechanical properties of concrete and the improvement on general behaviour for deep reinforced concrete beams containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers. Properties studied include Silica fume content used was (0%, 10% and 20%) by replacement of equal weight of cement in concrete. Polypropylene fibers were added in (0%, 0.20% and 0.40%) by volume fraction of concrete. Totally three deep reinforced concrete beams specimens with cross-sectional dimension of (100X300) mm for a length of 1000mm were tested. Out of which three beams provisional on the relation of shear span (a) to the active depth (d) .The (a/d) ratio was used (1) with different containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers with differents percentsge of replacement for silica fume and various Polypropylene fibers were addition.

Keywords: Silica fume, polypropylene fibers, deep reinforced concrete beam.

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Culture Policy for Architectural Design Studio within the Curriculum

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (70-84)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/70-84

Research Article By:

ابراهيم جواد كاظم، فلاح خلف علي و احمد طالب حميد

Corresponding author E-mail: a_talib11@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The research is concerned with the development of an educational policy and a set of values representing the cultural floor of the architectural design studio and its relation with the rest of the lessons in the architectural curriculum taken from the Department of Architecture at the University of Technology. The general research problem was to identify the pillars of educational policy building, and the particular problem in the design lesson relationship with the rest of the lessons in the curriculum. The University of Technology is in line with the requirements of the quality of international architectural education to achieve the objective of research in building a comprehensive conception of the design of the architectural curriculum and the formulation of the educational policy of the culture of the design studio within it according to the most important pillars of this Locally and globally. To come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations that emphasize the most important pillars for building educational policy and the best patterns of building an appropriate curriculum for architectural education in Iraq.

Keywords: Educational policy, culture for architectural design studio, architectural curriculum, quality of architectural education.

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Health Risk Assessment and Pollution Indices In The Groundwater of Al–Alam Area In Salah Al Din Governorate, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (62-69)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/62-69

Research Article By:

سلوى هادي احمد

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.salwa99@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this study, pollution of groundwater by heavy metals was evaluated in Al-Alam area in Salah Al-Din Governorate. Water samples were collected from 25 wells in the study area during February 2017 to determine the concentrations of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were compared with WHO standards for drinking water, where lead and cadmium concentrations were higher than standard while nickel and chromium were within the standards. A health risk assessment model was applied to assess the risk of groundwater use via ingestion (drinking) and skin contact (bathing) on adults and children and showed that there are no adverse health effects for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr) on both. Pollution assessment indices have been applied to classify water quality and determine the degree of contamination of heavy metals. The range of the HPI index for all wells of the study area was significantly higher than the critical index of 75. The value of HEI was between 5.4 – 15.9), while Cd was between (1.4 – 11.9) for all wells of the study area. These results show that water quality in the study area is light to medium contaminated with heavy metals and is unsuitable for drinking purposes only after treatment.

Keywords: Heavy metals, HPI, ground-water, health risk.

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Treatment the Disinfected Diary water by using two type of Algae Chlorella, Lyngebia

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (56-61)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/56-61

Research Article By:

احمد ابراهيم عبد الله العلاوي، إبراهيم عمر سعيد الحمداني و وليد محمد شيت العبدربه

Corresponding author E-mail: walabdraba@tu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The study used two types of algae to reduce contaminants in dairy wastewater, using Lyngebia and Chlorella. COD, PO4, NO3 and algal growth measured, at 22 ° C and 32 ° C,. The results of the study showed that the highest removal rates for Lyngebia (62%, 83%, 74% and 95% at 22 ° C) while for Chlorella (71% and 71% at 32 ° C, 88% and 95% at 22 ° C) (95%, 98%, 99% 95% at 22 ° C) respectively, and Chlorella (95%, 95% and 98% at 32 ° C),. (96% at 32 ° C, 99%, 97% and 95% at 22 ° C), and Chlorella (99% at 22 ° C at 97 ° C) (32 ° C and 97% 97% at 22 ° C),. In the optical density test, there was an increase in the optical density of both algae halves during the experiment.

Keywords: Algae, growth algal, optical density, COD, PO4, NO3.

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The monument and the identity impact timely and placing

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (45-55)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/45-55

Research Article By:

احمد هاشم حميد العقابي

Corresponding author E-mail: dr_ahmed524@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Generally architectural proposition has focused on studying general concepts in architecture, one of these concepts was the monuments and it is impact on supporting the continuity of change and feeding the general values for the field of architecture in various frames represented by time and place and detail effects to another concepts in the field of architecture like the identity which represented the joint subject to the continuity state in the general architectural knowledge frame work around all these items and it is relationships and detail. This research aims to identify the general visions of studying the concepts of monuments and it is relationship in time and place concepts and identity action on specifying and supporting the basis of that relationship by specifying the general knowledge proposition about the goal then move to build a multi theoretical frame work to these concepts pointers and apply it on specific architectural case study chosen to represent a practical application to the monuments concept in architecture and analyzing the results to discover , conclude and make the states of application clear to the pointers of proposed concepts and state the conclusions and future works.

Keywords: Monuments, time, place, identity, continuity.

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Study Heavy Metal Concentrations In Drinking Water In Ad Diwaniyah City

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (40-44)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/40-44

Research Article By:

علي هادي غاوي

Corresponding author E-mail: ali.ghawi@qu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Countries with high population density such as Iraq, are facing many health problems caused by pollution resulting from population activities on the different components of the environment burden which is the most dangerous of these pollutants are heavy metals in the waters of rivers, and that most of the water treatment plants where there is no chemical treatment to remove heavy elements stage. This project aims to find out the concentration of toxic heavy metals and cancer-causing disease in humans in the case of non-processed. Where the study of concentration of heavy metals in the three water treatment plants in Diwaniya city first in the north of the province of Diwaniya (Diwaniya large project, “Project No. 6”) and in the center (water treatment plant in Aljazaer) and the South of Diwaniya city (water treatment plant in Aleskan). The aim of the selection of three sites to demonstrate the impact of the discharge of sewage from the city on the sites of three drinking water treatment plants. Heavy elements that have been studied in this research are (nickel, cadmium, aluminum, mercury and lead) for three drinking water treatment plants, and for five stages which were (the intake (the river), sedimentation, after filtration, the ground reservoir, and the water network). These stages were identified to indicate the effect of the treatment stages on the concentration of these elements in terms of increase or decrease. The results of the study showed high concentrations of both the aluminum and lead which were above the permissible limits of the standard Iraqi standard, where concentrations of the lead were high for all stages of treatment. The results of the study showed that the concentration of the aluminum is more than the permissible limits in all stages of drinking water treatment due to adding alum to the rapid mixing tank. Concentrations of the remaining heavy metals (nickel, cadmium and mercury) were few or nil and were within the limits of Iraqi standards.

Keywords: Heavy metal, water treatment plants, aluminum, lead.

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Effect of Design Elements in Supporting Hospitals healing environment

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (30-39)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/30-39

Research Article By:

ماجد عباس عبد ظاهر و عباس اسماعيل إبراهيم

Corresponding author E-mail: abass_ismael@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Hospital buildings are one of architecture production that involve in affording specific human needs of users, so these needs were studied for the purpose of identifying elements of spatial environment that support and afford these needs within hospital building. Healing environment as requested to be implemented in hospitals is the main goal and could achieve complete fulfilling human needs of hospital users. Research problem based on the lack of clear determination and the role of the design elements required in hospital buildings to support and improve healing process, research hypothesis stated the importance of design components in supporting healing environment in hospitals buildings. Methodology of research implemented two access the first was to determine design elements that support healing environment and finding out their role, the second was the practical side to check and evaluate founded design elements importance.

Keywords: Healing environment, physical environment, design elements.

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Parametric Studies of Reducing Applied Stress on Buried Pvc Pipes Using Finite Element

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (21-29)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/21-29

Research Article By:

Basim Jabbar Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: basm.gabar@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The buried pipes are used for many purposes as drainage and water supply in addition many other projects such as oil pipelines and transferring the rivers water. The used pipes are made from various materials and different diameters which are mostly subjected to moving stresses and overburden pressures. The present study is focused on possibility of reducing the effect of applied stress on the buried PVC pipes into the loose and dense conditions of sand soil by reducing the settlement of using geogrids and thin layer of concrete. The response of the pipes was studied with and without treatment. In this study, finite element analyses were used to evaluate the behaviour of 500 mm PVC pipe buried in sand soil. The effects of many variable parameters as embedment ratio of pipes, density of soil and geogrids locations were investigated. Twenty-two models were conducted using Plaxis 3D program. Dimensions of the numerical models were (1 × 2 × 3)m. Accumulated incremental stresses were applied on the surface of soil with 500 mm in width and along the length of pipe. For each model, the relationship between the surface pressure and the corresponding pipe crown deflection was investigated. In view of the results, it can be concluded that the embedment ratio of pipes, density of sand and utilizing the geogrids are fundamental parameters that influence the buried pipes. Also the results demonstrate that replacing the top soil with dense and reinforcing it by geogrid layer gives greater protection for pipes.

Keywords: PVC pipe, geogrids, loose sand, dense sand, vertical crown deflection, embedding ratio.

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Environmental and Economic Study About Using Natural Gas for Electrical Power Generation In Samawa Station

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (13-20)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/13-20

Research Article By:

Ali Abed Aljabar Hussen Al-Samawi, Abbas Swayeh Atiyah and Hayder Tareq Rajab

Corresponding author E-mail: aliasamaw@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to show that Natural gas is the cheapest fuel for the electrical power generation in electrical stations and show that Natural Gas the less damage on the environment. The paper is studying about natural gas used in electric generation stations in the field of the environment and future plans for the countries of the world in the construction of many electric -gas stations. The paper show environment-economic comparisons and Calculate quantities and prices between Natural Gas and Fuel Oil used in two electrical power stations. The result the ratio natural gas consumption to electrical power generation is 316 m3/MWH and ratio Fuel oil consumption to electrical power generation is 0.197 m3/MWH. The price of Fuel oil or Diesel is higher than Natural gas, therefore Fuel oil consumption cost for electrical power generation very high. The city of Samawa needs to establish electrical plants that run on natural gas because of the economic and environmental benefits for the city.

Keywords: Natural gas, electrical power.

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Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Zinc Oxide under UV Light

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (07-12)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/07-12

Research Article By:

Ghazi Faisal Naser

Corresponding author E-mail: ghazi_faisal@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In this research, the photocatalytic decolorization of textile wastewater, using zinc oxide as a photocatalyst was examined in the current method of removing dyes from wastewater as an ideal photocatalyst. All experiments were taken at room temperature in a batch reactor by using Ultra-Violet photo-oxidation process because of high effectiveness in color removal. The decolorization of wastewater using ZnO under various pH and different concentrations. Zinc oxide proved to be very effective catalysts in photocatalytic decolorization of real textile industrial water. The best decolorization achieved was 83% by using ZnO at room temperature, within 205 minutes of irradiations. At pH of 9.2, the maximum decolorization was 84%, so it can be called the best pH in this experiment. This study proves that real textile wastewater reacts effectively with catalyst and give good results of dyes degradation for the suspension.

Keywords: Decolorization, textile wastewater, dyes, photocatalysis, zinc oxide.

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Shear Strength and Microstructure of a Soil Treated by Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC)

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (01-06)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/01-06

Research Article By:

Ibtehaj Taha Jawad

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.ibtehaj.taha@uobabylon.edu.iq & ibtehaj78@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper aimed to use a low pH-cement for treatment of an acidic soil. The soil was obtained from a depth of 70 cm below natural ground level. The cement used is called magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) which is prepared by a combination of magnesium oxide (MgO) and mono potassium phosphate (KH2PO4). Four cement doses ranged (0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 %) were mixed by dry unit weigh of pure soil. The evolution in compressive strength and microstructure of soil-MKPC mixture were studied in this paper. The results show that a considerable growth in soil strength was obtained. The micrographs exhibit formation of MKPC cement and reduction in voids (i.e. densification of treated soil) as well as soil particles were glued together by cement formed.

Keywords: Soil treatment, MKPC, microstructure, shear strength.

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Intentionality as a Strategy Read Architectural Production Contemporary

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (102-114)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/102-114

Research Article By:

باسم حسن هاشم الماجدي، أحمد عبد العالي كبة و هديل سعد رزوقي

Corresponding author E-mail: Basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

By tracking the criticism history of knowledge in all fields including architecture it can be noticed that some theories control on the other because of its regenerative feature to become an objective approach to any kind of criticism because they provide it with a quiet compass inside the artistic production in order not to loose its way towards the target. One of those theories the intentionality theory emerged which linked to the indications related to literary, artistic and architectural production both, the fact that architecture is a communication system can be a language consisting of vocabulary and rules, which the intention can have a prominent role in it. Hence the research problem is (the absence of the overall concept of the role of intentionality theory in reading current architecture production), hence the goal of research is to (see the ranges of influence of the theory of intentionality in reading architectural output). For the purpose of achieving the goal of Search went to put the cognitive framework of the theory of intentionality and its connections in the architecture within the specialized studies and then check the hypothesis, which stipulates (there is the influence of the theory of intentionality in reading architectural production), and through the application of a number of the elected project down to the final conclusions.

Keywords: Intentionality theory, intention, production reading, architecture.

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Conflict Resolution on Lesser Zab and Diyala Rivers Basins Using Game Theory Approach (Part-I)

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (95-101)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/95-101

Research Article By:

عبد العزيز محمد طيب معروف، كامل علي عبد المحسن و مريوان رضا اغا

Corresponding author E-mail: azizmtt90@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The Iraqi water shares from Lesser Zab River (LZR) and Diyala River (DR) is greatly affected by Iranian intensions and attitudes because of its geographic positions as a source country. Consequently, it becomes so warrant to adopt some arrangements that regulate the water relations between those two countries. The current study is an attempt toward finding a reasonable solution for the potential conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR. The water facts on those rivers are pointed out that the annual average flows recorded during 70’s of the last century were 6.2 and 6.0 BCM for LZR and DR respectively. However, and over the last 20 years or so, these flows have been reduced to only 4.8 and 3.3 BCM respectively. The calculated future demand in the Iranian side of the LZR is estimated to be 0.175 BCM, while the demand in the Iraqi side is around 7.2 BCM. As far as DR is of concern, Iran consumes 3.1 BCM and Iraqi needs are 9.9 BCM. It is clear that the future demands is surpassed the expected future supply from the two rivers. One can conclude that the conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR is imminent. Part-I of the study is concerning with the application of Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR-II) which is rooted in game theory and system engineering approaches, for the purpose of resolving the potential water conflict between Iraq and Iran over LZR and DR. While Part-II, is to find a simplified method to facilitate the application of the solution that emerges from the part-I in a practical and systematic manner. This will be the subject of a subsequent paper.

Keywords: Conflict resolution, game theory, GMCR-II.

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Experimental Study of Rectangular Footing under Inclined and Eccentric load on Geogried Reinforced Sand

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (87-94)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/87-94

Research Article By:

Jawdat K. Abbas and Nasr A. Hasan

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.jawdatkhadim@tu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the behavior of a rectangular footing subjected to inclined and eccentric load on geo-grid reinforced sand by using laboratory modeling. Small model was used to simulate the behavior of rectangular surface footings (length to width ratios of the footings were equal to 1, 1.25, and 1.5). The effect of the eccentricity and inclination of applied load on the bearing capacity, settlement, horizontal displacement and tilt were investigated. The load eccentricity varies from (0, 0.05B, 0.1B to 0.15B) and the load inclination varies from (00, 50, 100, 150) . The dry sand is reinforced by multiple layers (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of Geo-grid. The results illustrated that by increasing the number of reinforcement layers, the bearing capacity increased, but there is an optimum value (5). In general, for central, inclination and eccentricity loading the results indicated that by increasing the number of reinforcement layers (N) the bearing capacity increased while settlement, horizontal displacement and tilt decreased.

Keywords: Bearing capacity, eccentric load, inclined load, geo-grid, reinforced sand, rectangular footing.

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Symbolic investment of valuable prisons

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (77-86)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/77-86

Research Article By:

أيمن عبد الحسين محمد جواد العبيدي و عباس علي حمزه ال كريزه

Corresponding author E-mail: aymenalobaide@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The value of prisons is characterized by the total meanings contained within, and the similarities between their walls as a result of certain events or actions that took place between them and which have their impact and their association with the memory of the community and formed an important part of their social identity, Although some of these buildings have many components historical, and heritage-related events in its spatial history, which are reliable development potentials to restore sustainable economic growth by perpetuating its and making it as guidance and informational documents for society. But it suffered from mismanagement, guidance and use by The competent authorities led to the result of these symbolic places atrophy and thus the loss of the privacy of her event. Hence the research problem, which was (the lack of knowledge available about the nature of the investment of the symbolic value of prisons in the commemoration of her memory, so as to ensure their interaction and community outreach) In order to achieve the research objective, which is to (create a comprehensive theoretical framework for the nature of commemorating the prisons by investing their symbolic value and achieving their interaction with the society that contains them). This requires the adoption of an analytical descriptive approach based on building a comprehensive theoretical framework, and then analyze results, To give the conclusions to explore the nature of the commemoration of prisons according to their symbolic data.

Keywords: The valuable prisons, commemoration, functional reformation, symbolic investment, community memory.

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Evaluation of Environmental Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Countries with Crisis Case Study from Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (67-76)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/67-76

Research Article By:

Isam Alyaseri and Wissam Al-Madi

Corresponding author E-mail: ialyase@gmail.com & ialyase@siu.edu

ABSTRACT

During last four decades, Iraq had faced multiple political crisis which reduced its ability to encounter emerging environmental problems. As of now, wastewater contamination is one problem that the country is lacking proper infrastructures capable of dealing with. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plants in the country over time. Barakia wastewater treatment plant is one of the major wastewater treatment plants in Al-Najaf province in Iraq. The plant was taken as a case study to test the trend of the environmental performance. Parameters of BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4, NO3, NH3, O&G, H2S, and CL- were used to test the performance. Ten years data were collected and evaluated. The plant showed downward ability to reduce contaminants efficiently, and recently, the plant turned to be one of the major polluters in the province. Overloading of the plant beyond its design capacity, high frequent power outage, absence of retrofitting advanced treatment such as filtration and nutrients removal, and lack of maintenance and repair parts were the main causes of the plant’s poor performance. Iraq, due to its current economic situation may need an international assistance to reverse this trend of degradation.

Keywords: Developing countries, Iraq, river contamination, performance of wastewater treatment.

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Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Methods of Concrete with the Aid of Maturity Concept with the Aid of Maturity Concept

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (57-66)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/57-66

Research Article By:

Khalid Zakaria, Rabi Muyad Najem and Salwa Mubarak

Corresponding author E-mail: ce_rabi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This research aims at the evaluation of concrete compressive strength by non destructive testing techniques namely, the maturity concept test in addition to the hammer (rebound), and the ultrasonic scan tests. A comparison of results is then to be conducted to estimate the accuracy of the method. The real ability and the introduction of the maturity concept test is the main focus of this work since it takes into consideration the combined effect of temperature and age on the mechanical properties of concrete, as well as the interaction between site and laboratory testing . A total number of 14 cylinders and a square slab of 900 x 900 x 70 mm of the same mix were tested for the maturity strength relationship with heat sensors imbedded into the specimens slab and two additional cylinders also at the age of 56 days the same concrete was tested by the hammer and ultrasonic scan, the results showed good agreement giving a compressive strength of 32.2 MPa, 28.0 MPa and 29.7 MPa for the maturity, ultrasonic and hammer tests respectively.

Keywords: Concrete, maturity concept, non destructive testing.

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