Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2020), Pages (08-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-2/08-16

Research Article By:

Zaynab A. Khudhur, Saad A. Arab and Ammar S. Dawood

Corresponding author E-mail: zaynapabbas@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Major sources of water are surface and subsurface. Surface water includes Rivers, Reservoirs, Creek, Streams, etc. This paper deals with using a neural network model to recognize dissolved oxygen in Shatt Al-Arab. Within the present study, Shatt Al-Arab River (Basrah-Iraq) is considered as the study area with monthly observed data from 2009-2014. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied to pattern the relations among eight (8) water quality parameters which are devoted for predicting one parameter (1) so that to decrease the load of long experimental procedure. Physical and chemical parameters that are inserted in the model are: pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and nitrate. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is included in the output models. The three layered feed-forward model with back-propagation multi-layer perception (MLP) models architecture of 8-8-1 for DO. The artificial neural network has got training successfully and has been tested with 70% and 30% of the data groups. Statistical criteria of correlation coefficient (R2) and mean square error (MSE) are used to evaluate performance of the models. The correlation coefficients of the artificial neural network model for predicting DO have been 0.99354 and 0.98237, and mean square error for the model are 0.007698 and 0.00122 respectively. It can be concluding that these techniques provide similar accuracy in estimating DO concentration and predicting the dissolved oxygen (DO) in Shatt Al-Arab.

Keywords: Feed-Forward Neural Network, (FFNN), Water quality modeling, Dissolved oxygen, Shatt Al-Arab River.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2020), Pages (01-07)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-2/01-07

Research Article By:

Ibrahim Jawad, Abdullah Saadoon and Tuqa Mahmood

Corresponding author E-mail: ibrahimc4-11@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The research deals with the concept of architectural knowledge as one of the influences in the process of architectural design, as the nature of the designer and trends in the lure of knowledge derived from the reality of society through successive historical periods have the greatest impact on his ideas, and the nature of the output achieved requires that the architecture exceeds the local boundaries to the site boundaries. It is reflected in its results, thus determining the research problem in (The insufficient knowledge perception available about the architectural product between the duality of knowledge and knowledge thereof). The goal of research to clarify the mechanisms of knowledge of architectural production as well as their characteristics and dimensions. Accordingly, the research assumes that their indicators have a positive impact on the formulation of architectural output. In order to address the research issue and achieve the objectives of the research and verify its hypothesis, a knowledge framework was first constructed, then a comprehensive theoretical framework was extracted from the architectural and supporting propositions to be finalized in three main indicators, namely: “Mechanisms of knowledge of architectural production, characteristics of architectural knowledge of production, and dimensions of architectural knowledge. Finally, a number of conclusions have been reached which provided that the knowledge of architecture as a product is linked to the three knowledge “Galali, Aesthetic, and Kemalism”, as well as a correlation between Cognitive characteristics of the architectural product of the port and its dimensions, as it was associated with absorption of production through the cash situation dealt with by man shall his reign began on what is watching from the output characteristics of the port structure with a reflective surface to remove him deep knowledge inherent in the structure.

Keywords: Architectural output, knowledge, science.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (20-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/20-24

Research Article By:

Shyamaa A. Mohammed, Sundus S. Al-Azawiey and Ahmed Hasan Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: shiemaa@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured routinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

Keywords: Photocatalytic treatment; refinery; wastewater treatment; ZnO photocatalyst.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (06-19)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/06-19

Research Article By:

Jinan Hassan M. AlAnbaky and Hadeel Saad Razoki Al-mur’ib

Corresponding author E-mail: jana_arch@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Previous knowledge has shown a concept revealing different boundaries and relations of building spaces with its outer shell; which represent the boundaries of these spaces. This concept is called interstitial space which is based on creating an interlocution and communication within this space giving a new understanding of meaning and a new approach in architectural formation. This concept of knowledge description has varied as it is linked once to its nature or again to the built environment levels whether it’s architectural or urban diverged within the academic and social context, as well as the blurring relationship nature of this space with the structural system of the building. Therefore, the problem state of this research, which goal focuses on, is highlighted as “the urge to investigate the concept of interstitial structure characteristics”. Yet the methodology of the research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach consisting of three phases; phases one is to build a theoretical framework about the characteristics of the interstitial space in architecture; second is to conduct a practical study and identify several samples of buildings vary in their structural systems (traditional, structural and space); then analyze data and identify the conclusions of which the interstitial space grows and expands physically and expressively with the presence of the recent constructive systems and the lack of presence of the Interstitial spaced has led to spatial differentiation and closed toward inside especially those designed parametrically and reflect it in the other traditional and structural constructive systems.

Keywords: Interstitial space, structural system, building shell, form/structure.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (01-05)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/01-05

Research Article By:

Dawood Zahi Khutar

Corresponding author E-mail: dawoodzahi@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Distance learning is something really familiar nowadays. In the past few years, our world has witnessed a massive revolution in the world of information technology and provided simple ways to obtain information at reasonable prices. Today, sharing information is an integral part of every person’s life. Devices such as phones, tablets, and smartphones have become the main focus of digital life. With technological progress, electronic devices go through stages of software development that allow them to perform additional, more complex tasks, and process a larger flow of information. Almost everyone between the ages of 10 and 60 owns a mobile device. So mobile apps are always up to date. Therefore, it is quite logical to use the mobile application as an auxiliary element in the educational system, especially as it provides many services such as accessing the Internet, browsing the web, sending e-mails, exchanging multimedia messages and files and providing instant messaging applications with audio and video. Focusing on employing technology in education and its curricula, regardless of its level, is considered very important. This work diagnoses what users prefer when using the e-learning application through a questionnaire distributed to a group of university students to collect data on their preferences regarding mobile applications for e-learning.

Keywords: mobile application programming, e-learning, educational process, learner, distance learning.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (05-12)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/05-12

Research Article By:

Ali Nassir, Thabit Fadhil Hssouney and Ali A. Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: alkhafajia31@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper proves the presentation features of chemical and mechanical aimed at action of heavy metal in produced water (PW). The Electro-catalytic (EC) is one of chemical- mechanical remained made and reflects the extent of its custom in purifying this wastewater. Throughout EC behavior, numerous operating limits were inspected, for instance titanium dioxide, rpm electrolysis time, and copper metal in produced water. The belongings of the working variables including the rpm (100-300), TiO₂ concentration (10-30 mg/L), and the electrolysis time (5-15 min) by using Response surface methodology (RSM) and Minitab 17. The current and pH of the solution had remained occupied by way of 1 Amps, 3 respectively. Underneath the finest standards of the employed variables more than 98% removal of copper was found. The elective catalytic method is appropriate aimed at water contaminated by heavy metal, especially aimed at low concentrations of heavy metal in produced water.

Keywords: Produced water, water treatment, advanced oxidation processes, electro oxidation

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (01-04)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/01-04

Research Article By:

Karrar A. Al-Akoul

Corresponding author E-mail: alakoulykarrar@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

An Al-Cu alloy developed for applications requiring an alloy of moderate strength, weldability and good resistance to sea water, it is an excellent, versatile alloy ideal for many applications. The results obtained show that the level of spring back is strongly related to the imposed boundary conditions. If he is conceivable to overcome this problem by a “practical” tool for single curvature panels, it seems more delicate for double tooling curvature. In conclusion, if the prospects offered by this type of process seem attractive, a vast campaign of digital investigations must be considered in order to define more precisely the limiting radii of curvature that can be achieved without causing problems with spillage or buckling of the stiffeners, especially for double curvature applications. The boundary conditions considered should be able to be reproduced experimentally during shaping. For high strain rate testing, the only usable method to obtain information about the distribution of strains in the specimen is the use of high-speed photography. This method is used to visualize the location of deformations and fracture and also to measure the deformations of the specimen. The use of ultra-fast photography for large-scale tests strain rates can be performed in order to qualitatively study the behavior of materials. The proposed new geometry for the specimen will be modified by the use of high-speed photography.

Keywords: Aluminum copper alloys, Compressive strength, Strain rate, Plastic deformation, Aerospace material

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2021), Pages (01-08)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-02/01-08

Research Article By:

Jaber Hussein

Corresponding author E-mail: jaber.awadth@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Due to the amount of polluting emissions to the environment that are produced by hot mixtures during mixing in factories or their brushing on site, or their effect as waste after removal, it has become necessary to produce alternatives such as cold mixtures or semi-cold (warm) mixtures to reduce the amount of emissions of old pavement waste in Iraq. In this work, the old paving residues were shredded with locally produced emulsion in mixing ratios ranging from 2% to 4% of the total weight of the mixture and the fillers were replaced with Portland cement. The results showed that mixing the old worn pavement residues with the locally produced emulsion of 3.5% of the total weight of the mixture gives an increase in Marshall stability, Marshall flow and good volumetric properties when mixed at 85 ℃. At 25 ℃ the mechanical and volumetric properties are optimal in a curing period of 28 days. When the mixture is made at a temperature of 160 ℃, we get better volumetric and mechanical properties, but they are certainly less environmentally friendly.

Keywords: Old pavement, Emulsion, Curing period, Marshall Stability, Marshall flow

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (17-26)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/17-26

Research Article By:

Ghussoun Fadhil Abd Al-Jabar and Ghada Musa Rzouki Al-Slik

Corresponding author E-mail: g.abduljabar1304@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

According to Modern Semiotics, the perceiver is the main factor in interpreting the meaning, in general, and in architecture in particular, the thought is that the perceiver’s cultural and personal background would affect the formulation of his/her interpretation of architectural meanings, and then affect the transformation of these meanings in time. This research assumes that (Emotion) influences the interpretation of meaning, especially in architecture as it is linked with the memory of place, where memory interacts with the “Sensory Diffusion” and “Knowledge” in the process of thinking and interpreting the research discusses the time factor in the transformation of the interpretations as well. This argument is clarified in theories of appreciation, aesthetics, and perception, with the semiotic triangle. Different types of various groups in society have been chosen according to variety of cultural background, a questionnaire has been designed to investigate this in the interpretation of Iraqi architecture, to interpret six samples of Iraqi architecture varying in time and function. Main findings showed the connection between meanings and emotional responses, in the interpretation, but mostly in transformation of the interpretation over time for Iraqi architecture.

Keywords: Various groups, culture, interpretation, meaning, emotion, transformation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (09-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/09-16

Research Article By:

Ferdos F. Al-Shalji and Asma H. Al-Dabbagh

Corresponding author E-mail: asma.dabbagh@uomosul.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Architectural Programming is one of the most important scientific methodologies used for pre-design planning, and because the process of rebuilding Mosul is a complex process, so it needs that stage, and in order to identify its stages and the most important analytical methods that it used. The research reviewed the most important literature, as it became clear that the client’s goals were not clearly and precisely defined, an analytical study of real examples from the architectural programming literature examined in order to determine the locations of the client’s embodiment of the “Site issue” of the old Mosul. Where the research assumed the variation in the embodiment position of the user and expert goals, and the “Delphi method” used in order to determine the physical locations that represent the formal possibilities of the client, which requires the use of a resolution. The questionnaire data analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis, the study discover the formal potentials of the user and the experts, and it found that the user and the expert agree with the goals regarding the issue of the site, but they differ in terms of the degree of importance.

Keywords: Architectural programming, client’s goals, Delphi method, old Mosul.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (01-08)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/01-08

Research Article By:

Mariam M. Hussein, Mohammed Y. Fattah and Miami M. Hilal

Corresponding author E-mail: maryam.m.hussain@alkutcollege.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Through cushioning the pressures caused from high traffic at prior asphalt, a reinforcing interlayer delays the formation of cracks at bitumen overlay. Experimental effort comprises of laboratory testing that better known behavior of sand as a subgrade and its impact on flexible pavement and base-course layer during earthquakes. The sand layer was 600 mm thick; the base was 200 mm thick, and the asphalt layer was constructed as a panel with dimensions of 300*300*50 mm, representing surface. These layers are put to the test with varied earthquake loading frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 Hz. Experiments were divided into two sections: one without geogrid and the other with geo-grid at center of -base and among base and sand. It was discovered that the frequency of ground movement causes cracks in the asphalt layer, which increases with shaking frequency and reduces with geogrid installation.

Keywords: Pavement, geogrid reinforcement, dynamic, stresses, displacements.

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Muthanna journal of engineering and technology (MJET)

Volume 9, Issue 2, August 2021, Page 01-05

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2021-9-2/01-05

Research Article:

ahmed A. A. A.

Chemical engineering,college of engineering, samawah

E-Mail addresses: aaaaa@bbbbb

ABSTRACT:

الخلاصة كاملة

keywords: carbon,steel,aluminium.

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MUTHANNA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (MJET)

Volume 9, Issue 2, August 2021, Pages 01-05

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2021-9-2/01-05

Research Article:

T. T. T.

Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of T, Iraq

E-mail addresses: TTTTTTTTTTT@TTTTTTTT

ABSTRACT

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Keywords:  test,test,test

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MUTHANNA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (MJET) Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019, Pages 1-9 DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/10-22

Research Article:

Zahraa Abbas Khaduier and Mazen Dewan Abdulla

Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Iraq

E-mail addresses: zahraabas1992@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the results of a study to have better understanding of structural behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) column wrapped by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets.
In this study, three dimensional finite element models have been presented using ANSYS computer program (Release 16.0) to analyze reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP composites , to evaluate the gain in performance (strength and ductility) due to strengthening, and to study the effect of the most important parameters such as: compressive strength of concrete, modulus of elasticity of CFRP and fiber orientations .
Three dimensional eight-node brick element (SOLID65) was used to represent the concrete, and three dimensional spar element (LINK180) was used to represent the steel and three dimensional shell element (SHELL41) was used to represent the CFRP composites.
The present study has a comparison between the analytical results from the ANSYS finite element analysis with experimental data. The results of the study show that, external bonded CFRP sheets are very effective in enhancing the axial strength and ductility of the concrete columns. Inspection of the results shows that, there is good agreement between the ANSYS and the experimental test results.

Keywords:  Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer; Circular columns; Confined concrete; Non-linear finite element analysis; Ductility.

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Research Article:

Atheer Muhammed Ali

 Al-Muthanna University, School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Al-Muthanna, Iraq

Email address: atheer.muhammed@mu.edu.iq   

ABSTRACT

Many academics have been looking for alternatives to asphalt binders, such as alternative binders for hot mix asphalt (HMA), as a result of increasing environmental restrictions and the rising expense of asphalt binders. The goal of this study was to investigate if bioasphalt might be used as a binder instead of petroleum-based asphalt. Mechanical tests such as Marshall Stability, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep were used to evaluate if there was any improvement in the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating waste cooking oil (WCO) at various percentages (0, 1.5, and 3%) by weight of the binder. Marshall Stability, resilience modulus, and dynamic creep performance all improved with the addition of 1.5% WCO to the bituminous mixture. Furthermore, the 1.5% WCO mixture had the maximum creep stiffness, with a 36% improvement in resisting permanent deformation as compared to the conventional mixture. As a result of the benefits of this type of waste material in improving the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures, recycling this waste material will be a suitable technique in waste materials recycling.

Keywords: Asphalt binder; hot mix asphalt; resilient modulus; Stability; waste cooking oil.

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Research Article:

Shyamaa A. Mohammed^a

Sundus S. Al-Azawiey^b

Ahmed Hasan Ali^c

^aChemistry Department, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Samawa, Iraq

^bElectromechanical Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

^cCollege of Engineering, Al-MuthannaUniversity, Samawa, Iraq

Email address: shiemaa@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured routinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

Keywords: Photocatalytic Treatment; Refinery; Wastewater Treatment; ZnO photocatalyst.

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Research Article:

عبدالله عذيب مشاري
المعهد التقني , السماوة

Email address:  Abdmshari_1957@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The work aims to study the joining process of to pices Aluminum alloy
7075 with each other using filler metal of copper or ( Tin + Lead ) by means
of friction stir welding . A group of specimens were joined by friction stir
welding method without metallic filling and using different velocities and
different welding tool. Another specimen were taken with the same previous
conditions but using metallic filler of copper or ( Tin + lead ) ( the filling
metal used in Soldering) . It was evident the interference of this filler with
the base metal (7075) with the assurance of granular growth in the region of
interference , while when using the filler of copper type, no interference
exist but the copper was found separated in the form of tapes around the
region of its interference with the base metal . It was also found that the
higher rotational speed will result in higher refragement in copper.

Keywords: Filler metal, friction stir welding, fusion zone, advanced side, retread side

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Research Article:

 Haider Araby Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Department ,College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University.

Email address:  arabyhaider@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this paper, Silica Fume (S.F.) be used for reinforce pozzolanic cement paste and
the effect of using many weight percentages as (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to
lessening the concrete weight as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures on the
mechanical properties was studied. High range water reducing added to decrease the
water demand of the concrete, when silica fume added. Moreover, (0.025%, 0.05%,
0.1%, and 0.15%) are the proportions of polypropylene Fibers (P.P.F.) by volume,
which used to improve the pervious concrete mechanical properties, physical, and
mechanical properties of hardened concrete containing voids ratio, compression
strength, and flexural strength and, splitting tensile strength investigated. The density
of reference pervious concrete that was get through the experimental work was( 1835
Kg/m3 ) at (28) days ,it permeability coefficient (K) and voids content was( 0.324)
cm/s, and (30.21%) successively, The results shown important increase in
compression, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of pervious concrete containing
silica fume and (P.P.F.) comparison with reference pervious concrete. The mixture of
(10%) of (SF) and (0.1%) of (P.P.F.) gave optimum increased in the compressive,
flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared with the reference mix and the
results (47.8%, 29.21%, and 24.41%) respectively.

Keywords: Pervious Concrete, polypropylene Fibers, Silica Fume, compressive strength, permeability coefficient, voids content. 

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Research Article:

Yahya k. Atemimi

Civil Engineering Departmnt, College of engineering University of Babylon.

Khitam Abdulhussein Saeed
Environmental Engineering Department,College of Engineering Al- Mustansiriyah University

Email address:  eng.yahya.kadum@uobabylon.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The Kaolinite soil is considered as a problematic soil due to its low
strength with high water content, low density and low permeability. So, there
are attempts to improve the engineering properties of this type of soil by
mixing it with different additives. In this study the Date seeds powder was
used in two forms, first: as a powder (DSP) and mixed with the Kaolin soil at
different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7% and 10%), and second, the
powder was burned at 450OC for 4 hours in furnace (DSPB) then mixed with
Kaolin soil at different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%). The
results show an increase of 755% in the strength of the Kaolinite soils at 5%
DSPB as compared to the origin strength when testing in unconfined
compressive strength test UCS. Also, the results show a decrease in plasticity
index for all mixture percentages in DSPB by 26.2% using 10%DSPB. Curing
time results show high percent of increase in strength from 170 to 310 kN/m2
for 0 to 28 days respectively, this increase equal to 1386% from strength of
reference soil.

Keywords:Soil improvement, Kaolinite clay, UCS, Date Seed Powder, curing time

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Research Article:

Ammar Salman Dawooda, Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan
Department of Civil Engineering,College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

Email address:  ammars.dawood@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking
suitability purposes, a total of 27 groundwater samples from wells in
southwest of Basrah city have been analyzed for various geochemical
parameters. The aim of this research was to find the physicochemical
quality of ground water in the southwest of Basrah. The results show that
the quality of groundwater regarding the physical and chemical parameters
of southern Basrah is unsuitable for drinking purposes. The total hardness
(TH) was very high and it was in the ranged (740-6950) mg/l, also the
electrical conductivity (EC) was very high and ranged (1720- 18030)
μS/cm, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a value
less than 100 mg/l for (TH) and 750µs/cm for (EC). According to the
international and national standards the allowable concentration of total
dissolved solids (TDS) should not exceed 500 mg/l, while the groundwater
samples of the study area shows a range of (1200-10790) mg/l, therefore
it is considered very high. Moreover, the other physicochemical properties
of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water
standards recommended by the WHO. Groundwater for irrigation has been
studied by using the rating of water samples in relation to salinity and
sodium hazard graph. As a result of the study, only one sample was
accepted for irrigation.

Keywords: Groundwater, Aquifer, Water Quality Index, Basrah Wells

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