Category: Uncategorized

The Adjacent Conceptions Effect on Creativity According to Detailed Path for Creation Process

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (51-62)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/51-62

Research Article By:

عبدالله سعدون، أحمد عبد العالي كبة و هديل سعد رزوقي

Corresponding author E-mail: ahmed.architect@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The Place as a cosmic reality perceived by humans during his daily life unlimited in being visually static aware which filled the thinkers and philosophers ,And despite of the predominance of stillness and strap on the place where those in ancient times but that art in General and particular narrative grant place is clear and effective especially in our present time ,There are a lot of terms which approach to the place some related on mention the word ( place ) as equivalent attached or containment or similar approach and some other are including: extension, environment, space, emptiness, position and others of which referred to by specialists. Thus the research problem (lack of cognitive framework for spatial systems role in shaping the architecture) therefore the research aims to create a knowledge base for spatial systems role in shaping the architecture. Because there is an important role search is supposed to place systems outside the field of architecture and the potential impact on the field of architecture, and that there is an effect of the event in the system and its relationship with the place. So the search will focus on studying the concept of place within the field of (Quran – language – geographic literature. meeting – philosophy – engineering) and their relationship to the formal configuration of architecture systems.

Keywords: Place, adjacent conceptions, creativity.

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Effect of Operating Parameters on Colour and COD Removal Treatment of Textile Wastewater

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (63-71)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/63-71

Research Article By:

Ahmed Hassan Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.ahmedha@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the effect of process parameters on photocatalytic degradation Bismarck brown Y dye has been examined in a batch reactor under UV light in heterogeneous slurry utilizing various concentrations of different semiconductors commercial catalysts (TiO2 , ZnO , CdS and ZnS). Parameters has been studied (catalyst type, catalyst concentration , pH of dye solution and dye concentration at the beginning). The results show that the best values of TiO2 , ZnO , CdS and ZnS are 1 , 0.5 , 1.25 , 1 g/l respectively and the optimum pH are (10 , 6 , 8 and 10) using TiO2 , ZnO , CdS and ZnS respectively. Moreover the comparative assessment of the photocatalytic efficiency was made for different photocatalytic powder. It was noticed that the best photocatalytic efficiency as ZnO > TiO2 > ZnS > CdS respectively. The percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the dye solutions was higher than that of the degradation of dye for the same conditions of catalyst.

Keywords: Photocatalytic, wastewater treatment, advantage oxidation.

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Comparison Between the Optimal Application of Variable Structure Controller (VSC) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in Improving System Stability

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (43-50)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/43-50

Research Article By:

Hashim Dhahir Mohammed Al-Thabhawe

Corresponding author E-mail: hashim70ir300@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper is studying the improvement of the power system stability by optimal design of variable structure controller (VSC) and power system stabilizer (PSS) based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Switching vector and the switching feedback gains optimal values of variable structure controller and optimal parameters of power system stabilizer are finding by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The variable structure controller and power system stabilizer parameters are tuned optimally to minimize the objective function of the problem. By Using each of optimal (VSC) and optimal (PSS) with the developed model of a single machine infinite bus power system and after comparison the simulation results of two controllers. The results of using the optimal VSC design shows it provides a simple method for arriving to the settings of the VSC and optimal VSC improved the power system stability best than PSS.

Keywords: Power system stability, variable structure control, particle swarm optimization algorithm.

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Nonlinear Analysis of Bridge Girders Subjected to Lateral Impact Loading

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (37-42)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/37-42

Research Article By:

Abdulamir Atalla and Aqeel Mohammed Hammood

Corresponding author E-mail: abdulamir.karim@uobasrah.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear dynamic analysis of prestressed concrete bridge girders subjected to impact loading from collision with over-height vehicles. Two cases with/without diaphragms are discussed. The FEM is used to model the prestressed bridge girders. It is assumed that vehicle load is to be in accordance to HS20 of AASHTO 2012 and its velocity is 40km/h. the impact load is modeled as horizontal forces applied at the lower edge of exterior girder at mid span. The addition of diaphragms is found to decrease the lateral and vertical displacements in the girders by up to 86.8% and 84.3%, respectively. A decrease in the longitudinal and vertical stresses by up to 50.6% and 65.8%, respectively is also noted.

Keywords: Bridge diaphragms, lateral impact, Finite element.

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The Philosophy of Absence in contemporary Architecture

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (27-36)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/27-36

Research Article By:

عباس علي حمزة ال كريزة

Corresponding author E-mail: abbasali@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Absent text is what is not permissible by the text directly, but he suggests, is not referring to him, but it contained, as well as what he did not say it, but he raised. And research in the philosophy of absence based on research beyond the audience, mainly, in the sense that the framing of our discovery of absence based on our ability to call the system of symbols and signs and signals which are derived from the presence of a signal as part of the installation of any product of creative including architecture by analyzing the construction levels of relational signals or present texts sense rebuilding of mind for the system built is formulated as if they are historical references, social or intellectual been summoned by the present text is hidden or suggestive, the fact that approved absences is rear agreed to attend, and even though the bilateral both sides do not have them attend simultaneously within consciousness, but the the presence of one of them in front of awareness leads to call the other absentee idol. Find current disclosure philosophy of absence in contemporary architecture through the valley in relation to attend connected existential his first and explore its relationship to formulate a set concepts framed, including the difference, displacement, and communication.

Keywords: Absence, contemporary, architecture.

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Studying effect of static concentration for chemical machining on surface roughness and metal removal rate for low carbon steel

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (22-26)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/22-26

Research Article By:

نسرين داخل فهد

Corresponding author E-mail: nasreend.aboghnim@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Chemical machining is one of non traditional machining methods. It is necessary to study the main foundations of the process and the parameters affecting this process. In this research worked to reach the higher surface smoothness and lowest metal removal when a low carbon steel alloy was machined. Been using this alloy of chemically machined using etchant solution (Ferric chloride FeCl3) .Factors that have been studied: machining time and concentration of etchant where three concentrations were studied (20, 40 and 60%). Each sample was machined by different times (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min).Metal removal rate was calculated depending on weight loss due to chemical machining based on corrosion mechanism. Performed tests hardness, surface roughness and an atomic force microscope examination of the surfaces of the samples chemically machined before the process and after it. Results showed that minimum surface roughness recorded in chemical machining when concentration of etchant (60%) and time (1) min. Among the factors used in the study concentration of etchant was the most important influence on metal removal rate and surface roughness.

Keywords: Chemical machining, low carbon steel, surface rufness, Metall Removal Rate (MRR).

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The Use of Crushed Brick Waste for The Internal Curing In Cement Mortar

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (16-21)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/16-21

Research Article By:

Alaa Ahmed Shakir

Corresponding author E-mail: alaa.shakir@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Internal curing has become a modern technology holds promises for making a durable mortar and decreasing early-age cracking. Since mortar service life is a crucial factor of providing sustainable structures, internal curing can provide a distinct contribution to increase the sustainability of our nation’s building. This study shows results of an experimental investigation of using crushed brick waste (CBW) in cement mortar mixtures prepared by substituting sand by some percentages (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) of (CBW). Three curing regimes were adopted in this study: water curing by immersing specimens in water for 28 days, partially water curing by immersing specimens in water for 3 days and left them in laboratory for 24 days and air curing in laboratory for 28 days without immersing samples in water to recognize an ideal methodology for determining whether a given (CBW) can be used for internal curing in cement mortar. Fresh density, hardened density, compressive strength, water absorption, and modulus of rupture were tested. Results indicated that fresh and hardened density, compressive strength and modulus of rupture were decreased with the addition of (CBW). However, they were higher for mortars cured in air conditions than those cured in water and partially water curing. Water absorption was increased with the increase of (CBW). It was demonstrated that air cured mortar give good results for mechanical properties as compared with water cured mortar, hence (CBW) can be used for internal curing in cement mortar especially in finishing works.

Keywords: Crushed brick waste, internal curing, water curing, partial waste curing, air curing, mortar properties.

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Study of Differential Scanning Calorimetry on Phase Precipitation in Various Heat Treatments of AlZnMgCu Aluminum Alloys

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (10-15)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/10-15

Research Article By:

Haider Tawfiq Naeem

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.haider.ta@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Powers compensation of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been utilized to revealed and analyze the phases of precipitations in the complex quaternary of Zinc (6.7wt. %) _ Magnesium (2.8 wt. %) _ Copper (1.8 wt. %) _Aluminum alloys manufactured by the process of the Semi-Direct Chill Casting. The casted Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys slabs were homogenizing at the different temperatures. Firstly under treatment 450°C for 2 hours follow by treatment 470°C for 1 day and then treatment at 480°C for 40 minutes, then all casted samples have quenched in cold water after each step. The treated homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu samples that were underwent the artificial ageing at 120 °C for 1 day, and then retrogression at 180°C for 2400sec. and then reageing at 120°C for 1 day. The outcomes proved that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed information of the DSC thermal analyses which were obtained through various heat treatments of the three samples AlZnMgCu alloy. The outcomes have explained that the DSC data are helping in understanding the changes the peaks of temperatures as well the enthalpy values for the forming and dissolution the equilibrium phase’s and precipitation compounds within the artificial againg (with the pea-temper) and the Retrograession and Re-Againg- (RRA) treatments were conducting for Al_Zn_Mg_Cu alloy samples.

Keywords: Al_Zn_Mg_Cu alloys, heat treatment, transition phases, DSC.

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Improvement of Structural Properties for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam using Silica Fume with Polypropylene Fibers

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (1), Year (30 April 2017), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-01/01-09

Research Article By:

Rafid Saeed Atea

Corresponding author E-mail: Rafid1980@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of silica fume and polypropylene fibers to gather on the mechanical properties of concrete and the improvement on general behaviour for deep reinforced concrete beams containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers. Properties studied include Silica fume content used was (0%, 10% and 20%) by replacement of equal weight of cement in concrete. Polypropylene fibers were added in (0%, 0.20% and 0.40%) by volume fraction of concrete. Totally three deep reinforced concrete beams specimens with cross-sectional dimension of (100X300) mm for a length of 1000mm were tested. Out of which three beams provisional on the relation of shear span (a) to the active depth (d) .The (a/d) ratio was used (1) with different containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers with differents percentsge of replacement for silica fume and various Polypropylene fibers were addition.

Keywords: Silica fume, polypropylene fibers, deep reinforced concrete beam.

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Culture Policy for Architectural Design Studio within the Curriculum

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (70-84)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/70-84

Research Article By:

ابراهيم جواد كاظم، فلاح خلف علي و احمد طالب حميد

Corresponding author E-mail: a_talib11@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The research is concerned with the development of an educational policy and a set of values representing the cultural floor of the architectural design studio and its relation with the rest of the lessons in the architectural curriculum taken from the Department of Architecture at the University of Technology. The general research problem was to identify the pillars of educational policy building, and the particular problem in the design lesson relationship with the rest of the lessons in the curriculum. The University of Technology is in line with the requirements of the quality of international architectural education to achieve the objective of research in building a comprehensive conception of the design of the architectural curriculum and the formulation of the educational policy of the culture of the design studio within it according to the most important pillars of this Locally and globally. To come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations that emphasize the most important pillars for building educational policy and the best patterns of building an appropriate curriculum for architectural education in Iraq.

Keywords: Educational policy, culture for architectural design studio, architectural curriculum, quality of architectural education.

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Health Risk Assessment and Pollution Indices In The Groundwater of Al–Alam Area In Salah Al Din Governorate, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (62-69)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/62-69

Research Article By:

سلوى هادي احمد

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.salwa99@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this study, pollution of groundwater by heavy metals was evaluated in Al-Alam area in Salah Al-Din Governorate. Water samples were collected from 25 wells in the study area during February 2017 to determine the concentrations of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were compared with WHO standards for drinking water, where lead and cadmium concentrations were higher than standard while nickel and chromium were within the standards. A health risk assessment model was applied to assess the risk of groundwater use via ingestion (drinking) and skin contact (bathing) on adults and children and showed that there are no adverse health effects for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr) on both. Pollution assessment indices have been applied to classify water quality and determine the degree of contamination of heavy metals. The range of the HPI index for all wells of the study area was significantly higher than the critical index of 75. The value of HEI was between 5.4 – 15.9), while Cd was between (1.4 – 11.9) for all wells of the study area. These results show that water quality in the study area is light to medium contaminated with heavy metals and is unsuitable for drinking purposes only after treatment.

Keywords: Heavy metals, HPI, ground-water, health risk.

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Treatment the Disinfected Diary water by using two type of Algae Chlorella, Lyngebia

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (56-61)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/56-61

Research Article By:

احمد ابراهيم عبد الله العلاوي، إبراهيم عمر سعيد الحمداني و وليد محمد شيت العبدربه

Corresponding author E-mail: walabdraba@tu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The study used two types of algae to reduce contaminants in dairy wastewater, using Lyngebia and Chlorella. COD, PO4, NO3 and algal growth measured, at 22 ° C and 32 ° C,. The results of the study showed that the highest removal rates for Lyngebia (62%, 83%, 74% and 95% at 22 ° C) while for Chlorella (71% and 71% at 32 ° C, 88% and 95% at 22 ° C) (95%, 98%, 99% 95% at 22 ° C) respectively, and Chlorella (95%, 95% and 98% at 32 ° C),. (96% at 32 ° C, 99%, 97% and 95% at 22 ° C), and Chlorella (99% at 22 ° C at 97 ° C) (32 ° C and 97% 97% at 22 ° C),. In the optical density test, there was an increase in the optical density of both algae halves during the experiment.

Keywords: Algae, growth algal, optical density, COD, PO4, NO3.

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The monument and the identity impact timely and placing

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (45-55)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/45-55

Research Article By:

احمد هاشم حميد العقابي

Corresponding author E-mail: dr_ahmed524@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Generally architectural proposition has focused on studying general concepts in architecture, one of these concepts was the monuments and it is impact on supporting the continuity of change and feeding the general values for the field of architecture in various frames represented by time and place and detail effects to another concepts in the field of architecture like the identity which represented the joint subject to the continuity state in the general architectural knowledge frame work around all these items and it is relationships and detail. This research aims to identify the general visions of studying the concepts of monuments and it is relationship in time and place concepts and identity action on specifying and supporting the basis of that relationship by specifying the general knowledge proposition about the goal then move to build a multi theoretical frame work to these concepts pointers and apply it on specific architectural case study chosen to represent a practical application to the monuments concept in architecture and analyzing the results to discover , conclude and make the states of application clear to the pointers of proposed concepts and state the conclusions and future works.

Keywords: Monuments, time, place, identity, continuity.

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Study Heavy Metal Concentrations In Drinking Water In Ad Diwaniyah City

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (40-44)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/40-44

Research Article By:

علي هادي غاوي

Corresponding author E-mail: ali.ghawi@qu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Countries with high population density such as Iraq, are facing many health problems caused by pollution resulting from population activities on the different components of the environment burden which is the most dangerous of these pollutants are heavy metals in the waters of rivers, and that most of the water treatment plants where there is no chemical treatment to remove heavy elements stage. This project aims to find out the concentration of toxic heavy metals and cancer-causing disease in humans in the case of non-processed. Where the study of concentration of heavy metals in the three water treatment plants in Diwaniya city first in the north of the province of Diwaniya (Diwaniya large project, “Project No. 6”) and in the center (water treatment plant in Aljazaer) and the South of Diwaniya city (water treatment plant in Aleskan). The aim of the selection of three sites to demonstrate the impact of the discharge of sewage from the city on the sites of three drinking water treatment plants. Heavy elements that have been studied in this research are (nickel, cadmium, aluminum, mercury and lead) for three drinking water treatment plants, and for five stages which were (the intake (the river), sedimentation, after filtration, the ground reservoir, and the water network). These stages were identified to indicate the effect of the treatment stages on the concentration of these elements in terms of increase or decrease. The results of the study showed high concentrations of both the aluminum and lead which were above the permissible limits of the standard Iraqi standard, where concentrations of the lead were high for all stages of treatment. The results of the study showed that the concentration of the aluminum is more than the permissible limits in all stages of drinking water treatment due to adding alum to the rapid mixing tank. Concentrations of the remaining heavy metals (nickel, cadmium and mercury) were few or nil and were within the limits of Iraqi standards.

Keywords: Heavy metal, water treatment plants, aluminum, lead.

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Effect of Design Elements in Supporting Hospitals healing environment

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (30-39)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/30-39

Research Article By:

ماجد عباس عبد ظاهر و عباس اسماعيل إبراهيم

Corresponding author E-mail: abass_ismael@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Hospital buildings are one of architecture production that involve in affording specific human needs of users, so these needs were studied for the purpose of identifying elements of spatial environment that support and afford these needs within hospital building. Healing environment as requested to be implemented in hospitals is the main goal and could achieve complete fulfilling human needs of hospital users. Research problem based on the lack of clear determination and the role of the design elements required in hospital buildings to support and improve healing process, research hypothesis stated the importance of design components in supporting healing environment in hospitals buildings. Methodology of research implemented two access the first was to determine design elements that support healing environment and finding out their role, the second was the practical side to check and evaluate founded design elements importance.

Keywords: Healing environment, physical environment, design elements.

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Parametric Studies of Reducing Applied Stress on Buried Pvc Pipes Using Finite Element

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (21-29)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/21-29

Research Article By:

Basim Jabbar Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: basm.gabar@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The buried pipes are used for many purposes as drainage and water supply in addition many other projects such as oil pipelines and transferring the rivers water. The used pipes are made from various materials and different diameters which are mostly subjected to moving stresses and overburden pressures. The present study is focused on possibility of reducing the effect of applied stress on the buried PVC pipes into the loose and dense conditions of sand soil by reducing the settlement of using geogrids and thin layer of concrete. The response of the pipes was studied with and without treatment. In this study, finite element analyses were used to evaluate the behaviour of 500 mm PVC pipe buried in sand soil. The effects of many variable parameters as embedment ratio of pipes, density of soil and geogrids locations were investigated. Twenty-two models were conducted using Plaxis 3D program. Dimensions of the numerical models were (1 × 2 × 3)m. Accumulated incremental stresses were applied on the surface of soil with 500 mm in width and along the length of pipe. For each model, the relationship between the surface pressure and the corresponding pipe crown deflection was investigated. In view of the results, it can be concluded that the embedment ratio of pipes, density of sand and utilizing the geogrids are fundamental parameters that influence the buried pipes. Also the results demonstrate that replacing the top soil with dense and reinforcing it by geogrid layer gives greater protection for pipes.

Keywords: PVC pipe, geogrids, loose sand, dense sand, vertical crown deflection, embedding ratio.

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Environmental and Economic Study About Using Natural Gas for Electrical Power Generation In Samawa Station

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (13-20)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/13-20

Research Article By:

Ali Abed Aljabar Hussen Al-Samawi, Abbas Swayeh Atiyah and Hayder Tareq Rajab

Corresponding author E-mail: aliasamaw@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to show that Natural gas is the cheapest fuel for the electrical power generation in electrical stations and show that Natural Gas the less damage on the environment. The paper is studying about natural gas used in electric generation stations in the field of the environment and future plans for the countries of the world in the construction of many electric -gas stations. The paper show environment-economic comparisons and Calculate quantities and prices between Natural Gas and Fuel Oil used in two electrical power stations. The result the ratio natural gas consumption to electrical power generation is 316 m3/MWH and ratio Fuel oil consumption to electrical power generation is 0.197 m3/MWH. The price of Fuel oil or Diesel is higher than Natural gas, therefore Fuel oil consumption cost for electrical power generation very high. The city of Samawa needs to establish electrical plants that run on natural gas because of the economic and environmental benefits for the city.

Keywords: Natural gas, electrical power.

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Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Zinc Oxide under UV Light

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (07-12)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/07-12

Research Article By:

Ghazi Faisal Naser

Corresponding author E-mail: ghazi_faisal@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In this research, the photocatalytic decolorization of textile wastewater, using zinc oxide as a photocatalyst was examined in the current method of removing dyes from wastewater as an ideal photocatalyst. All experiments were taken at room temperature in a batch reactor by using Ultra-Violet photo-oxidation process because of high effectiveness in color removal. The decolorization of wastewater using ZnO under various pH and different concentrations. Zinc oxide proved to be very effective catalysts in photocatalytic decolorization of real textile industrial water. The best decolorization achieved was 83% by using ZnO at room temperature, within 205 minutes of irradiations. At pH of 9.2, the maximum decolorization was 84%, so it can be called the best pH in this experiment. This study proves that real textile wastewater reacts effectively with catalyst and give good results of dyes degradation for the suspension.

Keywords: Decolorization, textile wastewater, dyes, photocatalysis, zinc oxide.

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Shear Strength and Microstructure of a Soil Treated by Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC)

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (2), Year (30 August 2017), Pages (01-06)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-02/01-06

Research Article By:

Ibtehaj Taha Jawad

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.ibtehaj.taha@uobabylon.edu.iq & ibtehaj78@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper aimed to use a low pH-cement for treatment of an acidic soil. The soil was obtained from a depth of 70 cm below natural ground level. The cement used is called magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) which is prepared by a combination of magnesium oxide (MgO) and mono potassium phosphate (KH2PO4). Four cement doses ranged (0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 %) were mixed by dry unit weigh of pure soil. The evolution in compressive strength and microstructure of soil-MKPC mixture were studied in this paper. The results show that a considerable growth in soil strength was obtained. The micrographs exhibit formation of MKPC cement and reduction in voids (i.e. densification of treated soil) as well as soil particles were glued together by cement formed.

Keywords: Soil treatment, MKPC, microstructure, shear strength.

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Intentionality as a Strategy Read Architectural Production Contemporary

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (102-114)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/102-114

Research Article By:

باسم حسن هاشم الماجدي، أحمد عبد العالي كبة و هديل سعد رزوقي

Corresponding author E-mail: Basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

By tracking the criticism history of knowledge in all fields including architecture it can be noticed that some theories control on the other because of its regenerative feature to become an objective approach to any kind of criticism because they provide it with a quiet compass inside the artistic production in order not to loose its way towards the target. One of those theories the intentionality theory emerged which linked to the indications related to literary, artistic and architectural production both, the fact that architecture is a communication system can be a language consisting of vocabulary and rules, which the intention can have a prominent role in it. Hence the research problem is (the absence of the overall concept of the role of intentionality theory in reading current architecture production), hence the goal of research is to (see the ranges of influence of the theory of intentionality in reading architectural output). For the purpose of achieving the goal of Search went to put the cognitive framework of the theory of intentionality and its connections in the architecture within the specialized studies and then check the hypothesis, which stipulates (there is the influence of the theory of intentionality in reading architectural production), and through the application of a number of the elected project down to the final conclusions.

Keywords: Intentionality theory, intention, production reading, architecture.

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