Category: Uncategorized

The Impact of Abandoned Buildings on the Quality of Urban-Scape

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (222-236)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/222-236

Research Article By:

وحدة شكر الحنكاوي و محمود حسين محمد علي

Corresponding author E-mail: wahdahankawi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cities pass through several transformations during their stages of development, the most influential was the one that accompanied the industrial revolution and modernity, resulting in scattered structures, functional requirements and industrial activities that affected cities spatially. The advancement of knowledge, technological development, innovation, and industrial progress in the post-industrial era had a great impact on the adoption of more technological applications in conjunction with the global transformations and globalization, this has resulted in the phenomenon of neglected buildings. which has been reflected in buildings, structures, industrial zones, and the quality of urban fabric, and its scene, from which the problem of research was identified as “lack of cognitive perception showing the impact of neglected buildings on the urbans cape “. In order to address the research’s problem, a comprehensive theoretical framework was developed for the concept of abandoned buildings, the main reasons, levels of abandonment, and neglect in general. The most important suggestions the impact the quality of the urbans cape, in particular, The research has reached special conclusions, recommendations, procedures and requirements for the owners of buildings to achieve and reduce its negative impact on the urban-scape.

Keywords: Abandoned buildings, urban-scape, urban fabric, urban decomposition.

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Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T-Beam Cast with Self Compaction Concrete Incorporating Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (210-221)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/210-221

Research Article By:

Ali K. Khtar and Dr Jamal A. Khudhair

Corresponding author E-mail: alikadrkhatar1986@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigates (experimentally and analytically) “the flexural behavior of six T-section beams cast with self-compacting concrete (SCC) which contain recycled concrete aggregate as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. The beams have two concentrated loads. Beams have two longitudinal steel ratios of (ρ1=0.0004 and ρ2=0.00077). The tested beams were divided into two groups depending on span to effective depth (a/d) ratio the longitudinal steel ratio . Each group was casted using three type of mixtures with different RCA replacement ratio (0% ,50%, 75%). The SCC T-beams have ( a/d) ratio of 3 and total length of (2.1 m) and all beams have gross section area of (0.504) m2. As well as ANSYS-14 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear finite element method. Test results showed that, when increasing the RCA replacement ratio to 50% the cracking load decreased by average 15.5% and ultimate load was not affected. When increasing the RCA replacement ratio to 75% the cracking load and ultimate load decreased by average 31% and 9.4% respectively, the deflection and crack width of the tested beams increases with increasing RCA replacement ratio, when the steel ratio increased from ρ1 to ρ2 the first cracking load and ultimate load increased by average 20.5% and 46.2% respectively. The deflection and crack width of the tested beams decreases with increasing longitudinal steel ratio. The finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results with difference within 8%.

Keywords: T-beam, self-compacting concrete, recycle concrete aggregate, flexural behavior.

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Flexural behavior of R.C. two-way slabs with opening strengthened with CFRP sheets

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (200-209)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/200-209

Research Article By:

Esraa Jassim Mohammad and Mazen Dewan Abdulla

Corresponding author E-mail: esraajm23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper present a study of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete two way slabs with opening strengthened by Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer sheets.
The experimental work included testing 10 specimen two-way slabs with opening, which include 4 control specimens and 6 strengthened with CFRP sheets. The dimensions of the slab specimens are (800 × 800) mm, (70) mm depth and they were made of normal strength concrete. The reinforced concrete slabs containing a single eccentric and concentric opening strengthened by CFRP sheets, has been investigated, also the behavior of unstrengthened slabs and the slab without openings has been studied. These slabs were arranged in four groups and four layout of CFRP sheets has been considered. The slabs were tested with uniformly distributed loads and simple supports on the four edges. The results showed that the load carrying capacities have been increased of the slabs with openings strengthened with CFRP sheets when compared with the slabs without strengthening.

Keywords: Two way slab; slab with openings; CFRP sheets.

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Methods and Means of Applying Sustainability Concept in the Constructions

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (169-184)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/169-184

Research Article By:

عمر حازم خروفة

Corresponding author E-mail: omararch2003@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Sustainability concept with all its multi levels and branches is considered one of the most important concepts used within many developmental sectors today which is ruled by technological, political and economical challenges equally .The modern presentations of sustainable architecture concept has referred to the existence of many sides which are missed by many of us and classified outside sustainable architecture concept, furthermore, most of these presentations have be raised during the second half of the last century, but the new century came with new presentations which adopted new forms of the concept, all sustainable architecture presentations referred to the possibility of applying it according to environmental, social, economical and functional considerations. Treatment of these considerations is with, first: physical relates to the tangible sides such as spaces and resources, while the second side, is behavioral connected to the humanitarian characteristics related to the concept with all its ideas and directions concerning the movement function, activity and living status, etc. The current research deals with the criticism and analysis (methods and means of applying sustainability concept in the constructions) through a descriptive analysis for all the sustainable constructions and the effect of the applying the concept on them with different forms.

Keywords: Sustainability, sustainable architecture, sustainable buildings.

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A Hydraulic Model for Identification of Surface Friction Coefficient for Euphrates River within Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (160-168)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/160-168

Research Article By:

Hussein M. Ashour Al. Khuzaie Ameera Mohamad Awad and Mohammed Fadhil Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: hma@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This study presents results of a developed hydraulic model to the surface friction roughness (Manning’s coefficient) for the Euphrates River along 110 km within Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. Hydraulic modeling was used a tool for determination of surface friction coefficient. A typical value of surface friction roughness for open natural channels ranges between 0.025 to 0.04 was used as an initial input data for HECRAS hydraulic model. while in this study the calculated value of the surface roughness was compared with those observed and it was found to be in best agreement with the modeled when using value is 0.04.

Keywords: Euphrates River, HEC-RAS model, manning’s coefficient, steady flow.

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Control of Solar Powered Cathodic Protection System

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (152-159)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/152-159

Research Article By:

Hassan F. Faisal and Khearia A. Mohammed Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: hassanfalih583@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cathodic Protection (CP) is an effective method to reduce the corrosion of metallic structures that submerged in water or buried in soil. In order to reduce the corrosion of any structure, the voltage between the metal to be protected and a reference electrode must be controlled on a preset level called the full protection level. In this paper, a boost converter circuit and L298N integrated circuit were used as a control system to regulate the protection voltage on a preset identified range. The boost converter has been used to raise the supply voltage, while the L298N circuit has been used to regulate the boost converter voltage automatically by adjusting the duty cycle through the Arduino microcontroller.
Before the designing and implementing of the proposed controller, the effect of some different factors should be studied to understand the nature of the system and determine the controller voltage and current ranges. These factors are: The solution temperature, The dissolved oxygen, the anodecathode distance and the power of hydrogen. The photovoltaic array was employed to impress the electrical current to the system.

Keywords: Boost converter, cathodic protection, corrosion, impressed current, solar power.

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Analysis of Image Features Taken from Different Camera Types

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (137-151)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/137-151

Research Article By:

Ameen Mohammed Abd-Alsalam Selami

Corresponding author E-mail: ameen.selami@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

It is necessary to know how a camera resolution and/or its flashlight may affect the captured image properties and features, this is essential especially for those who work in the field of image processing. If the features are modified according to the mentioned two factors, they won’t be valid for processing and analysis, therefore a study should be planed to discover the impact of the presence or absence of those two factors on image features and this was implemented by this paper. Using 11 different digital and cell phone cameras (with and without the flashlight), some histogram and texture image features showed that they change in value and level according to these factors. The Mean feature remains in the high level and does not affect when the resolution of the camera changes from the low to high resolution, but in the cell phone it almost gives medium to high levels in all cases. The Variance of an image showed that in low resolution without flashlight, the camera and cell phone give the same result which is a high level, while the Entropy feature is not affected when the device changes from the normal camera to cell phone camera. More histogram features also are studied later. Contrast feature, as being a texture feature, has a low level in high resolution without a flashlight, Energy, correlation and Homogeneity features are studied and many results were concluded to the researchers who are concerned in image processing. Matlab 2015 and Microsoft Excel are used to complete this work.

Keywords: Image features, flash light, histogram features, texture features.

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Statistical Analysis of Meteorological Factors and Carbon Dioxide as an Air Pollutant in Al-Hilla City, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (130-136)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/130-136

Research Article By:

Ala’a Hamed Emran Al-Husseini

Corresponding author E-mail: a_alhusseini16@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to show the connection among an air pollution parameter and meteorological factors in Al-Hilla town. Data consists of daily averages of three meteorological factors (1.wind speed WS (m/s), 2.air temperature T (°C) and 3.relative humidity RH (%)) also, an air pollution parameter (carbon dioxide CO2) for the period 2015-2016. In order to describe the connection between the 4 variables, the multivariate statistical analysis is used. Multiple linear regression equations are used to express the connection between meteorological parameters which represent the independent variables and concentration of air pollutant which is the dependent variable, by SPSS and Excel software. The result is: decreasing in wind speed and air temperature be accompanied by moderate decreased in CO2 values. Increasing relative humidity be accompanied by moderate increased in CO2 values. Linear regression analysis indicates a moderate level of connection between carbon dioxide CO2 concentrations and the meteorological parameters in Al-Hilla city.

Keywords: Air pollutants, meteorological parameters, correlation coefficient, regression model.

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Analysis of Electrodes Consumption via the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Lead Removal from Simulated Wastewater

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (120-129)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/120-129

Research Article By:

Forat Yasir AlJaberi and Wadood T. Mohammed

Corresponding author E-mail: furat_yasir@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present work is to analyze the phenomenon of electrodes consumption (i.e. anode and cathode electrodes) when it used in a batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of lead from a synthesis wastewater. The studied operational parameters were the electrolysis time (5-60) minute, pH value (2-12), applied current (0.2-2.6)Amperes, and the initial concentration of lead and the stirring speed were fixed at 155ppm and 150rpm respectively. Aluminum concentric tubes were used as electrodes by making the outer and inner as the anode electrode and the rest in between as the cathode electrode. Statistica-10 and Minitab-17 statistical programs were used to analyze responses via response surface methodology (RSM) technique to find the correlations that relate to all variables. The results show that both of electrodes had consumed and increased or decreased in that way belong to the operating variables. Applied current and pH value of the simulated solution were founded as the main effect of electrode consumption.

Keywords: Simulated wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrodes consumption.

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Flexural Performance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Under Elevated Temperatures

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (113-119)

DOI:10.52113/3/2018-6-2/113-119

Research Article By:

Isam Mohamad Ali and Ali Hadi Adheem

Corresponding author E-mail: ali_isam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Historically, the flexural behavior of hybrid fiber cement composites is not completely understood using the traditional test methods. This research presents the results of an experimental investigations on a high performance cement composites (HPCC) containing both micro steel fibers (SF) and micro polypropylene fibers (PP) before and after elevated temperature exposure. The experimental program was developed to study the flexural performance (flexural strength, toughness and stiffness) under high temperature using mono and hybrid (SF) and (SF + PP) fibers. Mixtures were divided into eight different groups, with constant w/c of 0.28 and different fibers content.
Based on the results of this research, the replacing of micro (SF) in high performance cement composites by 15 % of micro (PP) fibers is recommended at high temperature exposure due to the fact that all hybrid fiber HPCC specimens show slight decreasing in flexural behavior compared to samples reinforced with 1% volume fraction of mono steel fibers after high temperature exposure.

Keywords: Flexural strength, cementitious composites, mono and hybrid fibers, elevated temp, FRC, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber.

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Non-linear analysis to improve punching shear strength in flat slab using z-shape shear reinforcement

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (65-70)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/65-70

Research Article By:

Abdulnasser Mohammed Abbas, Haleem K. Hussain and Ahmed Sagban Saadoon

Corresponding author E-mail: nasser21272@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Currently, flat slabs become one of the widely used structures due to its architectural benefits such as uncomplicated formwork, flexibility and minimum construction time. However, these structures are relatively weak to resist the punching shear due to a considerable lowering in stiffness induced from the development of cracks that resulting from axial and seismic loads. Moreover, the punching failure is considered a brittle failure caused by the transferring of unbalanced moments and shear forces between the structural members. Unfortunately, this may cause a catastrophic collapse, especially in the region of the slab-column. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical studies were done to improve the punching strength of the flat slab. In the current work; a finite element three-dimensional non-linear analysis has simulated by ABAQUS tool to investigate the structural behaviour of flat slab. Two specimens have considered, the first is a flat slab reinforced by ordinary steel reinforcement. While in the second one, a Z-shape shear rebar improvement has been added to the slab-column connection. The proposed model has reflected a reasonable enhancement to the flat slab. The analysis considers different parameters such as punching shear forces, deformations, and stresses of Von-Mises. The outcomes indicate that punching shear strength is increased by approximately 11.1%, and the deflections are decreased by 77.3% when the Z-shape reinforcement is used. In the meantime, stress concentrations were reduced and move from the slab-column connection.

Keywords: Flat slab, punching shear, shear reinforcement, FE analysis, ABAQUS.

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Urban Visual Quality Of Traditional Kut City Center

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (57-64)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/57-64

Research Article By:

Hussam S. O. Aldelphi

Corresponding author E-mail: hsachit@uowasit.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses of urban visual quality at Traditional Kut City Center as an important part of urban life concept. Where most of the traditional city centers suffer from unorganized interventions and urban disruption, affecting the identity and future of the city and its quality of urban life. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the study area was divided into three main areas: the river side, the middle part, and the part overlooking the residential units. A quantitative analysis of the city center (the three parts) was prepared and analyzed using the SWAT method.
A questionnaire was prepared and answered by a group of experts with expertise and specialization in the field of urban design and architecture to answer the set of axes allocated to the questionnaire. The research found that there is a positive correlation between these indicators. The more attention is paid to the visual urban image indicators of the traditional city center, the clearer the urban environment will be, thus increasing the city’s visual value and quality of life.
To improve the urban visual quality at Traditional Kut City Center, the research considers the need to attention of three vertical indicators, and look at to urban sustainability as an important part of enhancing the visual quality of the city center, where sustainability works with visual quality first by determining the standards of construction and urban intervention of the traditional city of Kut, And secondly, the morphological formation of the traditional center which is the main factor in the concept of enhancing the visual quality of urban centers in the cities.

Keywords: Visual quality, quality of life, urban identity, traditional city, Alkut city center.

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Architecture between Islamic thought and the phenomenon of deconstruct

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (44-56)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/44-56

Research Article By:

Abdullah Saadoon Salman

Corresponding author E-mail: absallah.asadoon@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

What inspires the learner or scholar in the field of architecture, as a need to satisfy, is the ability of the architect to deal with many of the architectural trends at the same time through the identification and investment in the creation of architectural configurations acceptable or have the balance among many architects. This approach has united the idea that architecture originated from a single source connected to man and his continuous quest to create an acceptable and acceptable environment. What interested the research is dealing with the Islamization of deconstruct architecture.
The research found the emerged from the architecture of deconstruct has achieved disjointed products of interpretation has been struck with the intention of the concept of unification in the architecture of Islam by abolishing the social concept and the impact of this in the creation of a unified architecture. While dealing with the texts shown in the Quran has achieved deconstruct as a purification of information by dealing with the phenomenon of production, it maintains its composition and do not deal with the deconstructive vision common to them. Or the circumference of the phenomenon as manipulated by the deconstruction through a distortion of the apparent configurations.

Keywords: Islam, thought of deconstruct, architecture thought.

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Influence of PVC Fiber Reinforcement on Shear Strength in Concrete Beams

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (34-43)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/34-43

Research Article By:

Kadhim Zuboon Nasser, Ali Abdulhasan Khalaf and Fadhil Kamil Idan

Corresponding author E-mail: Kadhimzuboon@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study adopted the investigation of the effect of a material that can be used as an alternative to steel reinforcement of shear in reinforced concrete beams, as the most susceptible to corrosion to which reduces the time service of the concrete structures and increase the maintenance costs is the steel reinforcement of shear for the closeness of surface of concrete. Therefor non-corroding material is needful for concrete structures and PVC fiber reinforcement is chosen. Experimentally nine reinforced concrete beams have been tested to determine the effect of PVC fiber reinforcement on the concrete beam resistance load, the load of cracks, deflection achieved and distribution with dimension of cracks. Three volume fraction ratios were taken for PVC fiber reinforcement (0, 0.25 and 0.5), which were identical to the shear reinforcement used in this research (0,0.29 and 0.54). All the concrete beams were tested with in on one program by applied a center load from the top in the middle to the failure load and the results were impressive. The specimens containing the PVC fiber reinforcement percentages achieved a remarkable increase in the crack and ultimate load of the concrete beams before and after cracks with direct effect in changing the failure type. While the deflection achieved due to the increase in PVC fiber percentage is more than the allowable deflection in the ACI Code equations of the reinforced concrete beams and more of these if the use of PVC fiber and steel reinforcement of shear together. A smaller measurement of the maximum cracks width was achieved by using advanced percentages of PVC fiber and shear reinforcement (0.5 and 0.54) respectively.

Keywords: PVC fiber, shear reinforcement, corrosion, crack load, ultimate load, crack width.

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Relevance the architectural formation with the properties place

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (23-33)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/23-33

Research Article By:

Hamid Ali Abed Almousawi and Dr. Mustafa kamil Alkhafaji

Corresponding author E-mail: hamed73.a@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The relevance is a strategy to express the privacy of the place، and that architecture uses shapes to reflect the objectives of the building. Activating the distinctive role of the architecture that associated with the site which includes the physical space، shape and place’s space during the global challenges of attempts to obliterate the environmental, historical and cultural differences، which necessitated the balance between man and the environment. Therefore, the research’s problem was to identify as “a lack of knowledge about the effect of place specificity on the architectural structure”. The objective of the research was to highlight the construction of a theoretical framework that helps designers to produce relevance ally of the buildings. The research hypothesis is based on the descriptive analysis approach in constructing a cognitive framework for the concept of formal relevance and extracting the most important vocabulary and special indicators, then applying them within the study. The study concluded by analyzing a group of local historical buildings in the city of Baghdad. The study concludes with “building a model that demonstrates the effect of place’s characteristics on architectural formation and its relation to place”. The results of the analysis showed that formal relevance contributes to the development and growth of the building’s integration with the environment surround it.

Keywords: Visual perception, formal relevance, privacy of place.

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The ultimate shear strength of SCC beams strengthened by inclined CFRP strips

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (01-09)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/01-09

Research Article By:

Sarmad Sh. Abdulqader, Ragheed F. Makki and Mohanad W. Mousa

Corresponding author E-mail: mzad2010@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an experimental study of structural behavior of selfcompacting reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear by inclined CFRP strips. The experimental work consists of casting and testing of nine simply supported reinforced concrete beams. In this study, three parameters were considered, the configuration of CFRP sheets wrapping system, i.e two sides and U-shape, effect of horizontal strap of CFRP strips and CFRP strengthening area. The results showed that the presence of the horizontal strap of CFRP strips on the inclined strips increases the shear strength and the ultimate carrying load capacity by 8 to 15% and 7 to 10%, respectively in compare with the wrapping system of the CFRP strips.

Keywords: Self-compacting concrete, shear strength, reinforced concrete, CFRP strips.

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Practical study on the electrochemical simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium from simulated wastewater using rotating tubular packed bed cathode

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (90-100)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-2/90-100

Research Article By:

Jenan H. Hemeidan and Ali H. Abbar

Corresponding author E-mail: hussainjenan@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium from a simulated wastewater using rotating tubular packed bed of woven screens electrode was investigated. The effect of weight present of each metal on the removal efficiency and current efficiency was studied. The experiments were carried out at current 1.5 A, rotation speed 450 rpm, pH=2, and total concentration of metals (300 ppm) at different weight percent of each metal. The results showed that the removal efficiency of copper increased from 93.5 % to 99.33% as its weight percent increased from 20% to100%. In a similar fashion, the removal efficiency of cadmium increased from 80% to 90% as its weight percent increased from 20% to100 %. The results confirmed that the removal efficiency of any metals decreased in the presence of other metal. The results established that current efficiency for the simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium decreased with increasing of electrolysis time and Cd percent weight or decreasing of Cu weight percent. Current efficiency is higher at the initial stage of electrolysis and then declined with increasing time for all weight percent of metals.

Keywords: Copper, cadmium, three-dimensional electrodes, rotating cylinder electrode, woven screens,
electrodeposition.

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Efficiency Development of Light Weight High Strength Concrete by using Carbon Fibers

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (82-89)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-2/82-89

Research Article By:

Haider Araby Ibrahim, Mohammed Bally Mahdi and Basim Jabbar Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: arabyhaider@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study aims to progress brittleness of the high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLWAC) by using Porcelinite stone as light weight aggregates and silica fume with water cement ratio 0.28 to give 41.34 MPa compressive strength at 28-days and reinforced with carbon fibers. Fifteen mixtures using in this work with three various lengths of (5mm, 10mm, and 20mm), five mixes for every length with volume fractions (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) of carbon fibers. The slump test, compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were investigated to determine the mechanical properties of (HSLWAC). The density of reference (HSLWAC) that was get through the experimental work was (1835 Kg/m3) at (28) days. The results shown that at general, the brittleness of (HSLWAC) improved with increased the content and length of carbon fibers, The optimum properties was for mix (L5) of 20mm length and 2% of carbon fibers of 45.44 MPa, 3.21MPa ,and 6.97MPa for compression strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength respectively.

Keywords: Light weight high strength concrete, carbon fibers, silica fume, compressive strength.

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Enhancement of electric field of bowtie nanoantenna

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2019), Pages (71-81)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2019-07-02/71-81

Research Article By:

Gufran A. Hassan and Jawad A. Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: gofabdh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A nanoantenna is designed to transform high frequency into energy. The proposed antenna is made of aluminuim. are shaped with a pair of nanoparticles brought in close nearness. Antennas separated by small gaps printed on a Si layer, which is designed as a flat-edge bowtie, with a ground plane at the under most of the substrate with a feeding putting in the gap of the bowtie antenna. The proposed antenna is designed using 3Delectromagnetic solver (CST) programs and analysed for the optimisation of metal thickness, gap size, and geometrical length. Simulations are conducted to investigate the behaviour of the nanoantenna illuminated by the linearly polarized plane wave. The nanoantenna parameters such as substrate thickness, feeding size, feeding type, and feeding material were changed to select the most efficient nanoantenna with a large directivity in our reaserch find the nanoantenna make a high electric field enhancement in their gap region. This specialty can be employed for SERS or biosensing to improve the detection limit and measure the presence of single molecules. For this, it is necessary to create antennas with enough small gaps, to be capable to recompense for the defects created during the fabrication process and reach antenna characteristics that are close to the ones presage by simulations.
The numerical simulations are studied to improve the best E-field of the antenna within the 250–700 THz frequency range. The proposed antenna offers multiple-resonance frequencies and good return loss in the frequency band of 310 THz, as well as an output electric field of 5.48 v/m to 7.8 v/m. Upon changing the type of feeding in the gap (without feeding, air feeding, dielectric silicon, or feeding), and we find that when using the air between the gap, the S-parameter is (-12.9) dB at the resonance frequency of (531.3) THz and the directivity is 7.41 dB at 666 THz incident frequency.

Keywords: Electric field, plasmonic, s-parameter, directivity.

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Affordable Housing and Cost Reduction Factors for Affordable Housing

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (8), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2020), Pages (32-41)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2020-8-1/32-41

Research Article By:

Moheamen Basim Ibrhim and Asmaa Khalid

Corresponding author E-mail: moheamen.alyassiry@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The importance of affordable housing has emerged recently due to the suffering of most urban areas and developing countries in particular from the high rates of population growth and migration to cities, in addition to the conditions of poverty and war, which led to the loss of many families for their housing units. (The need for a comprehensive knowledge framework clarifying the concept of affordable housing, choosing the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) at the local level in light of the country’s urgent need for affordable housing.) Accordingly, the objective of the research was to: (Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that clarifies the concept of affordable housing and choose the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) in accordance with local privacy).
The research hypothesis : (The factors and means of reducing housing costs (aspects of facilitation mentioned in the research) at the two levels (housing complex and housing unit) as well as choosing the housing style (vertical or horizontal) a role in achieving the principle of affordable housing and solving a large part of the housing crisis.
For the purpose of solving this problem, three phases were identified, including the construction of a theoretical framework, which included (4) vocabularies (characteristics of affordable housing, cost-raising factors, cost reduction factors, and dimensions of affordable housing). This is followed by the application of these vocabulary by electing two local samples. The extent of facilitation and comparability between them. The results showed that the vertical building pattern (residential buildings) is characterized by its lack of large areas of residential land, thus it is characterized by being less expensive than horizontal construction. This does not prevent investors from building high-quality residential towers targeting the rich.

Keywords: Affordable housing, better housing, cost reduction.

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