Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2021), Pages (01-05)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-01/01-05

Research Article By:

Dawood Zahi Khutar

Corresponding author E-mail: dawoodzahi@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Distance learning is something really familiar nowadays. In the past few years, our world has witnessed a massive revolution in the world of information technology and provided simple ways to obtain information at reasonable prices. Today, sharing information is an integral part of every person’s life. Devices such as phones, tablets, and smartphones have become the main focus of digital life. With technological progress, electronic devices go through stages of software development that allow them to perform additional, more complex tasks, and process a larger flow of information. Almost everyone between the ages of 10 and 60 owns a mobile device. So mobile apps are always up to date. Therefore, it is quite logical to use the mobile application as an auxiliary element in the educational system, especially as it provides many services such as accessing the Internet, browsing the web, sending e-mails, exchanging multimedia messages and files and providing instant messaging applications with audio and video. Focusing on employing technology in education and its curricula, regardless of its level, is considered very important. This work diagnoses what users prefer when using the e-learning application through a questionnaire distributed to a group of university students to collect data on their preferences regarding mobile applications for e-learning.

Keywords: mobile application programming, e-learning, educational process, learner, distance learning.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (05-12)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/05-12

Research Article By:

Ali Nassir, Thabit Fadhil Hssouney and Ali A. Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: alkhafajia31@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper proves the presentation features of chemical and mechanical aimed at action of heavy metal in produced water (PW). The Electro-catalytic (EC) is one of chemical- mechanical remained made and reflects the extent of its custom in purifying this wastewater. Throughout EC behavior, numerous operating limits were inspected, for instance titanium dioxide, rpm electrolysis time, and copper metal in produced water. The belongings of the working variables including the rpm (100-300), TiO₂ concentration (10-30 mg/L), and the electrolysis time (5-15 min) by using Response surface methodology (RSM) and Minitab 17. The current and pH of the solution had remained occupied by way of 1 Amps, 3 respectively. Underneath the finest standards of the employed variables more than 98% removal of copper was found. The elective catalytic method is appropriate aimed at water contaminated by heavy metal, especially aimed at low concentrations of heavy metal in produced water.

Keywords: Produced water, water treatment, advanced oxidation processes, electro oxidation

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2022), Pages (01-04)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-02/01-04

Research Article By:

Karrar A. Al-Akoul

Corresponding author E-mail: alakoulykarrar@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

An Al-Cu alloy developed for applications requiring an alloy of moderate strength, weldability and good resistance to sea water, it is an excellent, versatile alloy ideal for many applications. The results obtained show that the level of spring back is strongly related to the imposed boundary conditions. If he is conceivable to overcome this problem by a “practical” tool for single curvature panels, it seems more delicate for double tooling curvature. In conclusion, if the prospects offered by this type of process seem attractive, a vast campaign of digital investigations must be considered in order to define more precisely the limiting radii of curvature that can be achieved without causing problems with spillage or buckling of the stiffeners, especially for double curvature applications. The boundary conditions considered should be able to be reproduced experimentally during shaping. For high strain rate testing, the only usable method to obtain information about the distribution of strains in the specimen is the use of high-speed photography. This method is used to visualize the location of deformations and fracture and also to measure the deformations of the specimen. The use of ultra-fast photography for large-scale tests strain rates can be performed in order to qualitatively study the behavior of materials. The proposed new geometry for the specimen will be modified by the use of high-speed photography.

Keywords: Aluminum copper alloys, Compressive strength, Strain rate, Plastic deformation, Aerospace material

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (9), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2021), Pages (01-08)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2021-09-02/01-08

Research Article By:

Jaber Hussein

Corresponding author E-mail: jaber.awadth@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Due to the amount of polluting emissions to the environment that are produced by hot mixtures during mixing in factories or their brushing on site, or their effect as waste after removal, it has become necessary to produce alternatives such as cold mixtures or semi-cold (warm) mixtures to reduce the amount of emissions of old pavement waste in Iraq. In this work, the old paving residues were shredded with locally produced emulsion in mixing ratios ranging from 2% to 4% of the total weight of the mixture and the fillers were replaced with Portland cement. The results showed that mixing the old worn pavement residues with the locally produced emulsion of 3.5% of the total weight of the mixture gives an increase in Marshall stability, Marshall flow and good volumetric properties when mixed at 85 ℃. At 25 ℃ the mechanical and volumetric properties are optimal in a curing period of 28 days. When the mixture is made at a temperature of 160 ℃, we get better volumetric and mechanical properties, but they are certainly less environmentally friendly.

Keywords: Old pavement, Emulsion, Curing period, Marshall Stability, Marshall flow

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (17-26)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/17-26

Research Article By:

Ghussoun Fadhil Abd Al-Jabar and Ghada Musa Rzouki Al-Slik

Corresponding author E-mail: g.abduljabar1304@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

According to Modern Semiotics, the perceiver is the main factor in interpreting the meaning, in general, and in architecture in particular, the thought is that the perceiver’s cultural and personal background would affect the formulation of his/her interpretation of architectural meanings, and then affect the transformation of these meanings in time. This research assumes that (Emotion) influences the interpretation of meaning, especially in architecture as it is linked with the memory of place, where memory interacts with the “Sensory Diffusion” and “Knowledge” in the process of thinking and interpreting the research discusses the time factor in the transformation of the interpretations as well. This argument is clarified in theories of appreciation, aesthetics, and perception, with the semiotic triangle. Different types of various groups in society have been chosen according to variety of cultural background, a questionnaire has been designed to investigate this in the interpretation of Iraqi architecture, to interpret six samples of Iraqi architecture varying in time and function. Main findings showed the connection between meanings and emotional responses, in the interpretation, but mostly in transformation of the interpretation over time for Iraqi architecture.

Keywords: Various groups, culture, interpretation, meaning, emotion, transformation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (09-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/09-16

Research Article By:

Ferdos F. Al-Shalji and Asma H. Al-Dabbagh

Corresponding author E-mail: asma.dabbagh@uomosul.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Architectural Programming is one of the most important scientific methodologies used for pre-design planning, and because the process of rebuilding Mosul is a complex process, so it needs that stage, and in order to identify its stages and the most important analytical methods that it used. The research reviewed the most important literature, as it became clear that the client’s goals were not clearly and precisely defined, an analytical study of real examples from the architectural programming literature examined in order to determine the locations of the client’s embodiment of the “Site issue” of the old Mosul. Where the research assumed the variation in the embodiment position of the user and expert goals, and the “Delphi method” used in order to determine the physical locations that represent the formal possibilities of the client, which requires the use of a resolution. The questionnaire data analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis, the study discover the formal potentials of the user and the experts, and it found that the user and the expert agree with the goals regarding the issue of the site, but they differ in terms of the degree of importance.

Keywords: Architectural programming, client’s goals, Delphi method, old Mosul.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (10), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2022), Pages (01-08)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2022-10-01/01-08

Research Article By:

Mariam M. Hussein, Mohammed Y. Fattah and Miami M. Hilal

Corresponding author E-mail: maryam.m.hussain@alkutcollege.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Through cushioning the pressures caused from high traffic at prior asphalt, a reinforcing interlayer delays the formation of cracks at bitumen overlay. Experimental effort comprises of laboratory testing that better known behavior of sand as a subgrade and its impact on flexible pavement and base-course layer during earthquakes. The sand layer was 600 mm thick; the base was 200 mm thick, and the asphalt layer was constructed as a panel with dimensions of 300*300*50 mm, representing surface. These layers are put to the test with varied earthquake loading frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 Hz. Experiments were divided into two sections: one without geogrid and the other with geo-grid at center of -base and among base and sand. It was discovered that the frequency of ground movement causes cracks in the asphalt layer, which increases with shaking frequency and reduces with geogrid installation.

Keywords: Pavement, geogrid reinforcement, dynamic, stresses, displacements.

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Muthanna journal of engineering and technology (MJET)

Volume 9, Issue 2, August 2021, Page 01-05

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2021-9-2/01-05

Research Article:

ahmed A. A. A.

Chemical engineering,college of engineering, samawah

E-Mail addresses: aaaaa@bbbbb

ABSTRACT:

الخلاصة كاملة

keywords: carbon,steel,aluminium.

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MUTHANNA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (MJET)

Volume 9, Issue 2, August 2021, Pages 01-05

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2021-9-2/01-05

Research Article:

T. T. T.

Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of T, Iraq

E-mail addresses: TTTTTTTTTTT@TTTTTTTT

ABSTRACT

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Keywords:  test,test,test

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Research Article:

Shyamaa A. Mohammed^a

Sundus S. Al-Azawiey^b

Ahmed Hasan Ali^c

^aChemistry Department, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Samawa, Iraq

^bElectromechanical Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

^cCollege of Engineering, Al-MuthannaUniversity, Samawa, Iraq

Email address: shiemaa@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured routinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

Keywords: Photocatalytic Treatment; Refinery; Wastewater Treatment; ZnO photocatalyst.

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Research Article:

عبدالله عذيب مشاري
المعهد التقني , السماوة

Email address:  Abdmshari_1957@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The work aims to study the joining process of to pices Aluminum alloy
7075 with each other using filler metal of copper or ( Tin + Lead ) by means
of friction stir welding . A group of specimens were joined by friction stir
welding method without metallic filling and using different velocities and
different welding tool. Another specimen were taken with the same previous
conditions but using metallic filler of copper or ( Tin + lead ) ( the filling
metal used in Soldering) . It was evident the interference of this filler with
the base metal (7075) with the assurance of granular growth in the region of
interference , while when using the filler of copper type, no interference
exist but the copper was found separated in the form of tapes around the
region of its interference with the base metal . It was also found that the
higher rotational speed will result in higher refragement in copper.

Keywords: Filler metal, friction stir welding, fusion zone, advanced side, retread side

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Research Article:

 Haider Araby Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Department ,College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University.

Email address:  arabyhaider@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this paper, Silica Fume (S.F.) be used for reinforce pozzolanic cement paste and
the effect of using many weight percentages as (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to
lessening the concrete weight as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures on the
mechanical properties was studied. High range water reducing added to decrease the
water demand of the concrete, when silica fume added. Moreover, (0.025%, 0.05%,
0.1%, and 0.15%) are the proportions of polypropylene Fibers (P.P.F.) by volume,
which used to improve the pervious concrete mechanical properties, physical, and
mechanical properties of hardened concrete containing voids ratio, compression
strength, and flexural strength and, splitting tensile strength investigated. The density
of reference pervious concrete that was get through the experimental work was( 1835
Kg/m3 ) at (28) days ,it permeability coefficient (K) and voids content was( 0.324)
cm/s, and (30.21%) successively, The results shown important increase in
compression, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of pervious concrete containing
silica fume and (P.P.F.) comparison with reference pervious concrete. The mixture of
(10%) of (SF) and (0.1%) of (P.P.F.) gave optimum increased in the compressive,
flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared with the reference mix and the
results (47.8%, 29.21%, and 24.41%) respectively.

Keywords: Pervious Concrete, polypropylene Fibers, Silica Fume, compressive strength, permeability coefficient, voids content. 

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Research Article:

Yahya k. Atemimi

Civil Engineering Departmnt, College of engineering University of Babylon.

Khitam Abdulhussein Saeed
Environmental Engineering Department,College of Engineering Al- Mustansiriyah University

Email address:  eng.yahya.kadum@uobabylon.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The Kaolinite soil is considered as a problematic soil due to its low
strength with high water content, low density and low permeability. So, there
are attempts to improve the engineering properties of this type of soil by
mixing it with different additives. In this study the Date seeds powder was
used in two forms, first: as a powder (DSP) and mixed with the Kaolin soil at
different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7% and 10%), and second, the
powder was burned at 450OC for 4 hours in furnace (DSPB) then mixed with
Kaolin soil at different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%). The
results show an increase of 755% in the strength of the Kaolinite soils at 5%
DSPB as compared to the origin strength when testing in unconfined
compressive strength test UCS. Also, the results show a decrease in plasticity
index for all mixture percentages in DSPB by 26.2% using 10%DSPB. Curing
time results show high percent of increase in strength from 170 to 310 kN/m2
for 0 to 28 days respectively, this increase equal to 1386% from strength of
reference soil.

Keywords:Soil improvement, Kaolinite clay, UCS, Date Seed Powder, curing time

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Research Article:

شمائل محمد وجيه الدباغ
قسم هندسة العمارة، الجامعة التكنولوجية

Email address: shamael.dabbagh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This research examines the physical helth care environments and explores how to utilize
(indoor water features) for regenerating people spirit. Although much research supports the
idea that natural elements may help alleviate stress and anxiety, but bringing nature into the
public interior spaces is problematic. There is a lack of research about the relationship
between the helth care physical spaces, stress, and indoor water features. This study
investigates how to utilize (indoor water features) in the helth care public spaces that may
help reduce stress potential
The absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework for the role of water feature as
an effective restorative element that may reduce stress by providing a pleasant affect, and
exploring its implicit psychological aspects constitutes the main research problem. In view
of the problem under investigation, the goal of the present research is defined to arrive at
the identifying of the main strategies to reduce stress potential by using indoor water
features in the public helth care spaces. Arriving at the aforementioned aim requires
building a theoretical framework, and then the application of the framework to selected
interior helth care spaces images (with various water features) in order to test the validity
of the hypothesis. Finally research findings, a set of recommendations are put forward.

Keywords: Water Features, Anxiety & Stress, Public Waiting Spaces, Health Care Buildings.

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Research Article:

Haider Tawfiq Naeem
Chemical Engineering Department., Engineering College ,Al-Muthanna University

Email address:  dr.haider.ta@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Productions of surfaces composites have high mechanical properties and altered
microstructural is attracting considerable attention. One of the methods of
fabricating composite surfaces of aluminium matrix alloys are the procedure of
Friction Stir Process (FSP). In this investigation, the producing for the surface
composites of Aluminum_Zinc_Magnesium_Copper alloy (7000 series) with
the pulverizing particulates of (Al_5wt%Zn_2.5wt%Mg_1.5wt%Cu_4wt%,
6%, 8% Ni), as the reinforcement particles using FSP was discussed. The
reinforcements were from Al_Zn_Mg_Cu particulates as well various nickel
powder (mass percentages) synthesized using the high-energy, ball milling
alloying process. Composites samples underwent for the homogenizing
treatment through various temperatures. These samples have subjected the
ageing treat with 120 °C for one day. Results showed a 70% decrease in the grain
sizes of the surface of composites Al-alloys compared with as-received Al-alloy.
The grain refinement and uniform dispersion of the reinforcements during the
Al-matrix were obtained because of the optimized parameters of FSP. The
intensity of precipitations intermetallic, which as reinforcements increased after
heat treatments along with the phases of the precipitates. The effects of the grain
reduction and intercompounds with the precipitation phases led to a valuable rise
in the hardness property of surface of aluminium 7000 alloy-reinforced
composities.

Keywords: Strengthening Intermetallic; Mechanical Alloying; FSP

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Research Article:

علي عبد السميع حميد
رئاسة جامعة بغداد – شعبة العقود الحكومية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Constitute the climatic changes the world is facing a significant challenge,
because of his global warming implications of affected various areas and
humanitarian dimensions, and that the problem of misuse of natural resources and
the degradation of the environment has become a clear impact on the weakening
economic development .
Many specialized studies such as the ” Stern Report ” has contributed for the
negative effects of global warming on the economy and development, the report
of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change in raising awareness of the
seriousness of the challenge facing the economy in the world and the human
community. This study aims to examine the reality of effects of which could be
left behind climate change on resources and the various sectors in the world in
general and demonstrate its impact on sustainable development, and the extent of
awareness of the state, institutions and individuals risks and alternatives to
achieve the desired sustainable development. and try to view the most important
efforts by States to counter the effects of climate change, as well as demonstrate
the feasibility of achieving sustainable economic and social development in the
presence of factor climate change.

Keywords:  Climate change , urban planning , urban management , governance climate , adaptation and mitigation .

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Research Article:

أسماء محمد حسين ال ُمقرم ,لهيب علي عبد الحسين الصائغ 
قسم هندسة العمارة , الجامعة التكنولوجية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Architecture tried since ancient times to deal with the elements of its age, where
cultural production across about multiple levels of technological act, that which shifted
from craft means for changing images formalism to the will of the verification at the
current time, and thus is considered technology as a measure of evolution for
everything gets reality in mental and public understand , also represented a source of
evolution and a sign marked of the times because of the different representation of
reality architectural and cultural. This led the research to the study of (technological
role in the formation of contemporary architecture) as a research problem, where
technology has provided new roles beyond the classical nature, this effect on the nature
of the approved type for architectural contemporary production, therefore research
indicated to the concepts that related to technology that showed a difference of
technological performance by studying the changing relationship between thought and
industry, commitment and borders, public and customization, innovation and
convenience, simplicity and complexity, has also been studying the technology
phenomena for its role as a “thing, knowledge, process, product ” with surrounding
the different impact for levels of expression that based on the stereotypical nature, to
order that the research seeks to discuss about the results of the application conceptual
framework for knowledge provided to two contemporary projects in order to clarify
the impact of technology in violation of the traditional nature of the practice of
architecture first, And differences in the impact of technological manifestations of the

Keywords:  Role of technology, Typology, technology phenomena, levels of expression, contemporary composition

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Research Article:

Wisam S. Al-Rekabi
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, university of Basrah

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

continuous up-flow moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used to treat
4m3/d of domestic wastewater in Chongqing city at Southwest China .Both the
anoxic and aerobic reactors were filled to 50 %( v/v) with Kaldnes (K1)
biofilm carriers. After developing the biofilm on the carriers,the effect of
nitrate recycle ratio on biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater
was investigated by operation of reactors under 3 different nitrate recycle
ratios ranging from 50% to 150% (50%, 100%, and 150%) through changing
the value of this parameter every one week. During this operation mode, the
MBBRs was operated under the optimal value of gas/water ratio which equal
to 7/1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) equal to 6.2 hours. The experiment
results showed that optimum value of the nitrate recycle ratio for simultaneous
organic carbon and nutrients removal was equal to 100%. In this nitrate recycle
ratio, the average removal efficiencies were 92.16 %, 98.84 %,71.23 % and
91 % for COD, NH4+-N,TN and TP respectively, while the average dissolved
oxygen concentration (DO) in aerobic and anoxic MBBRs were 4.35 mg./L
and 0.19 mg./L respectively .

Keywords:  Ammonium nitrogen, Autotrophic, Carrier, Heterotrophic, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitrogen, Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor, Phosphorus

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Research Article:

Abdul Hussain Abdul Kareem Abbas
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  abdhus71@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Shatt Al-Arab river suffer from high values of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),
these come from two sources the first is from Euphrates river and the second
is from Arabian Gulf. Therefore, In this paper one dimension and unsteady
case was applied to study hydrodynamic and TDS simulation of the river water
by using HEC-RAS in Shatt Al-Arab river and associated rivers was done.
HEC-RAS model is produced by US Army for analyzing river system. This
model could simulate steady and unsteady open channel flow. The data of
discharge, stage and TDS was taken daily for the year of 2014 at different
sections along Shatt Al-Arab river and Tigris-Euphrates confluence. Some of
these gauges was taken as boundary conditions and the others was taken for
verification of the model. Calibration and verification of the Model using these
data were done. Model results were compared with the observed data in these
real rivers. The result show that a very good agreement between observed and
simulated data with minimum correlation (R) was equal to 0.825.

Keywords:  Shatt Al-Arab River , HEC-RAS, Simulation, TDS, Unsteady flow

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Research Article:

 Aqeel H. Chkheiwera, Mazin A. Al-Mazini , Mustafa Sh. Zewair
 Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  aqeelcivil@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated (experimentally and analytically) the influence of
mortar compressive strength (37.4, 48.3 and 60.1 MPa) and the number of
wire mish layer in web and bottom flange on the shear behavior of
ferrocement slender box beams. To achieve these targets, 12 ferrocement box
beams with shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d) of 2.8 (slender beams) are
equipped, tested and assessed, all beams having cross section of 300*175 mm,
length of 2000 mm and hollow core of 180*115 mm. The tested beams were
divided into four groups, each group consists of three beams depending on
compressive strength value, the first group was without wire mish, the second
group was with one layer of wire mish in web and bottom flange, the third
group was two layers of wire mish in web and one in bottom flange and the
fourth group was with two layers of wire mish in web and bottom flange. As
well as ANSYS-11 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear
finite element method. Test results showed that, the first cracking and ultimate
loads increases as the wire mish layers in web and bottom flange increases,
the deflection of the tested beams decreases with increasing mortar
compressive strength and wire mish layers in web and bottom flange, the
finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results
within 9%.

Keywords:  Box Beam, Ferrocement, Shear Behavior

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