Research Article:

علي عبد السميع حميد
رئاسة جامعة بغداد – شعبة العقود الحكومية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Constitute the climatic changes the world is facing a significant challenge,
because of his global warming implications of affected various areas and
humanitarian dimensions, and that the problem of misuse of natural resources and
the degradation of the environment has become a clear impact on the weakening
economic development .
Many specialized studies such as the ” Stern Report ” has contributed for the
negative effects of global warming on the economy and development, the report
of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change in raising awareness of the
seriousness of the challenge facing the economy in the world and the human
community. This study aims to examine the reality of effects of which could be
left behind climate change on resources and the various sectors in the world in
general and demonstrate its impact on sustainable development, and the extent of
awareness of the state, institutions and individuals risks and alternatives to
achieve the desired sustainable development. and try to view the most important
efforts by States to counter the effects of climate change, as well as demonstrate
the feasibility of achieving sustainable economic and social development in the
presence of factor climate change.

Keywords:  Climate change , urban planning , urban management , governance climate , adaptation and mitigation .

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Research Article:

أسماء محمد حسين ال ُمقرم ,لهيب علي عبد الحسين الصائغ 
قسم هندسة العمارة , الجامعة التكنولوجية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Architecture tried since ancient times to deal with the elements of its age, where
cultural production across about multiple levels of technological act, that which shifted
from craft means for changing images formalism to the will of the verification at the
current time, and thus is considered technology as a measure of evolution for
everything gets reality in mental and public understand , also represented a source of
evolution and a sign marked of the times because of the different representation of
reality architectural and cultural. This led the research to the study of (technological
role in the formation of contemporary architecture) as a research problem, where
technology has provided new roles beyond the classical nature, this effect on the nature
of the approved type for architectural contemporary production, therefore research
indicated to the concepts that related to technology that showed a difference of
technological performance by studying the changing relationship between thought and
industry, commitment and borders, public and customization, innovation and
convenience, simplicity and complexity, has also been studying the technology
phenomena for its role as a “thing, knowledge, process, product ” with surrounding
the different impact for levels of expression that based on the stereotypical nature, to
order that the research seeks to discuss about the results of the application conceptual
framework for knowledge provided to two contemporary projects in order to clarify
the impact of technology in violation of the traditional nature of the practice of
architecture first, And differences in the impact of technological manifestations of the

Keywords:  Role of technology, Typology, technology phenomena, levels of expression, contemporary composition

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Research Article:

Wisam S. Al-Rekabi
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, university of Basrah

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

continuous up-flow moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used to treat
4m3/d of domestic wastewater in Chongqing city at Southwest China .Both the
anoxic and aerobic reactors were filled to 50 %( v/v) with Kaldnes (K1)
biofilm carriers. After developing the biofilm on the carriers,the effect of
nitrate recycle ratio on biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater
was investigated by operation of reactors under 3 different nitrate recycle
ratios ranging from 50% to 150% (50%, 100%, and 150%) through changing
the value of this parameter every one week. During this operation mode, the
MBBRs was operated under the optimal value of gas/water ratio which equal
to 7/1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) equal to 6.2 hours. The experiment
results showed that optimum value of the nitrate recycle ratio for simultaneous
organic carbon and nutrients removal was equal to 100%. In this nitrate recycle
ratio, the average removal efficiencies were 92.16 %, 98.84 %,71.23 % and
91 % for COD, NH4+-N,TN and TP respectively, while the average dissolved
oxygen concentration (DO) in aerobic and anoxic MBBRs were 4.35 mg./L
and 0.19 mg./L respectively .

Keywords:  Ammonium nitrogen, Autotrophic, Carrier, Heterotrophic, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitrogen, Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor, Phosphorus

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Research Article:

Abdul Hussain Abdul Kareem Abbas
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  abdhus71@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Shatt Al-Arab river suffer from high values of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),
these come from two sources the first is from Euphrates river and the second
is from Arabian Gulf. Therefore, In this paper one dimension and unsteady
case was applied to study hydrodynamic and TDS simulation of the river water
by using HEC-RAS in Shatt Al-Arab river and associated rivers was done.
HEC-RAS model is produced by US Army for analyzing river system. This
model could simulate steady and unsteady open channel flow. The data of
discharge, stage and TDS was taken daily for the year of 2014 at different
sections along Shatt Al-Arab river and Tigris-Euphrates confluence. Some of
these gauges was taken as boundary conditions and the others was taken for
verification of the model. Calibration and verification of the Model using these
data were done. Model results were compared with the observed data in these
real rivers. The result show that a very good agreement between observed and
simulated data with minimum correlation (R) was equal to 0.825.

Keywords:  Shatt Al-Arab River , HEC-RAS, Simulation, TDS, Unsteady flow

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Research Article:

 Aqeel H. Chkheiwera, Mazin A. Al-Mazini , Mustafa Sh. Zewair
 Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  aqeelcivil@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated (experimentally and analytically) the influence of
mortar compressive strength (37.4, 48.3 and 60.1 MPa) and the number of
wire mish layer in web and bottom flange on the shear behavior of
ferrocement slender box beams. To achieve these targets, 12 ferrocement box
beams with shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d) of 2.8 (slender beams) are
equipped, tested and assessed, all beams having cross section of 300*175 mm,
length of 2000 mm and hollow core of 180*115 mm. The tested beams were
divided into four groups, each group consists of three beams depending on
compressive strength value, the first group was without wire mish, the second
group was with one layer of wire mish in web and bottom flange, the third
group was two layers of wire mish in web and one in bottom flange and the
fourth group was with two layers of wire mish in web and bottom flange. As
well as ANSYS-11 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear
finite element method. Test results showed that, the first cracking and ultimate
loads increases as the wire mish layers in web and bottom flange increases,
the deflection of the tested beams decreases with increasing mortar
compressive strength and wire mish layers in web and bottom flange, the
finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results
within 9%.

Keywords:  Box Beam, Ferrocement, Shear Behavior

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Research Article:

Mazen D.Abdulah*
Civil Engineering , College of Engineering ,University of Basra

Email address:  mazend081@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The problem of this study is that the building of foundation by stones at the
present time leads to develop cracks in the superstructure. Therefore, the
solutions and the right manner were suggested for building the stone in the
small and big structures. This paper studies using and properties of stones in
building of foundations, that the stone is rigid and stiff in the same time very
cheap for building, especially in the regions wealthy with stone. The models
were taken for analyzing, firstly experimentally in the field site and secondly
by Plaxis Program using the Finite Elements with the same properties of the
soil and calculate the vertical displacement, vertical strain, factor of safety and
bearing capacity. It can be concluded that the using of the reinforced columns
in the small foundation in addition to the beam and stones will reduce the
vertical displacement and strain to lower values, maintain high value of bearing
capacity and increase the factor of safety that makes the structure becomes
safer. Also for the big structures like bridges another models were used with
higher loadings and the same above parameters were calculated, the stone with
special requirements approved to improve and treat the soil parameters even
for the big structures.

Keywords: LWC:-light weight concrete, NWC:- normalstrength concrete, HSC:- heig strength concrete , w/c:-water to cement ratio 

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Research Article:

Hussein Yousif Aziz
Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University

Email address:  husseinyousif3@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

The problem of this study is that the building of foundation by stones at the
present time leads to develop cracks in the superstructure. Therefore, the
solutions and the right manner were suggested for building the stone in the
small and big structures. This paper studies using and properties of stones in
building of foundations, that the stone is rigid and stiff in the same time very
cheap for building, especially in the regions wealthy with stone. The models
were taken for analyzing, firstly experimentally in the field site and secondly
by Plaxis Program using the Finite Elements with the same properties of the
soil and calculate the vertical displacement, vertical strain, factor of safety and
bearing capacity. It can be concluded that the using of the reinforced columns
in the small foundation in addition to the beam and stones will reduce the
vertical displacement and strain to lower values, maintain high value of bearing
capacity and increase the factor of safety that makes the structure becomes
safer. Also for the big structures like bridges another models were used with
higher loadings and the same above parameters were calculated, the stone with
special requirements approved to improve and treat the soil parameters even
for the big structures.

Keywords: Rock Mechanics; Foundation Engineering; Bearing Capacity; Plaxis Program 

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Research Article:

عمار رزاق حسن
قسم هندسة المواد/كلية الهندسة/جامعة الكوفة

Email address: ammarr.alshemary@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In this research was conducted thermal coating process to follow flame spray
technology through the use of gaseous mixture consisting of oxygen and acetylene
for the purpose of obtaining the surface layer of nickel plating – Aluminum
(metco450) on the surface of medium carbon steel type (AISI 1050). Provide an
increase in the mechanical properties of the surface of the metal guide and
compensate for the missing parts of the surface as a result of the process of wear
and tear. Was conducted in three successive phases, first phase involved the
preparation of models and to create the basis for this surface models as well as the
preparation of powder coating and analyze the chemical components of the
models and powder coating. While the second phase involved the implementation
of the coating process (nickel – aluminum) using a flame spray coating process
was carried out in different ways for each model through a change in the granular
size of the powder coating. The third phase of the research included the testing of
standard tests check adhesion, examination of roughness, check the wear and tear
and check the hardness of the coating as well as microscopic examination of the
paint and the surface layer basis. Where results showed that increasing the size
particleboard from (25μm) to (75μm) led to increased wear rate and a decrease in
adhesion coating layer, as noted increased roughness layer coatings increase size
particleboard for powder coating, also led to increase size particleboard for
powder coating to a decrease in hardness layer paint.

Keywords:flame spraying, coating nickel- aluminum, medium carbon steel, particle size

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Research Article:

Muslim A. k. AL-Kannoon
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kufa University.

ABSTRACT

This investigation aims to improve the stress-strain behavior and mechanical properties of
lightweight concrete in order to use it in structural members. Special type of lightweight concrete was
produced in this study prepared by mixing Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC type I) and white gravel
of low specific gravity, sand with very low percentage of 10% from gravel weight, and w/c ranged
from 0.42 to 0.46 , silica fume added as percentage from cement weight and STYRENE
BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) was added also in different percentages(5%, 10% and 15%). The
main mixes 1:5 (cement: gravel) and 1:4 were used in this study. The tests in this research include
stress- strain tests for both ascending and descending portions, compressive strength test, tensile
strength test, flexural strength test and density of specimens. The most significance effect done by
adding 15% SBR resin and gives (110%) increment in compressive strength for 1:4 mixes and ( 142
%) increment for1:5 mixes. For mixes 1:5 and by adding 15% SBR, the tensile strength increased
100%, flexural strength increased also 62% and density of specimens increased 8.2% , but more
significant effect is seen for mixes 1:4, the increased in tensile and flexural strength and density of
specimens were 138%, 109% and 7.71% respectively. The values of modulus of elasticity increased
also compared with reference mixes and have excellent values ,by adding 15%SBR the increment
was ( 58 %) for 1:4 mixes, and ( 150 %) increment for 1:5 mixes, that increments are very important
to reduce the deflection in concrete members such as slabs and beams, therefore, like this polymer
concrete can be used as structural members

Keywords: stress-strain behavior, compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, lightweight concrete , polymer concrete, SBR.

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The Adjacent Conceptions Effect on Creativity According to Detailed Path for Creation Process

Research Article:

Basim Hasan Al-Majedia , Ahmed Hashim H. El-Eqapy
Arch. Engineering. Department , University of Technology 

ABSTRACT

The Contemporary narratives focused on the study of the architectural
design process of general framework of an understanding of the
important elements of the path of the process and ended to focus on the
concept of innovation as a concept overarching all the bases underlying
innovation in the process illustrates the design in architecture, hence the
need arose to study the impact of the rest of the concepts adjacent it to
strengthen and assigning creative path in general and its role in
influencing the detailed stages of cost in particular.
This paper goals are of defining general principles of the conceptions
creativity and the importance of theory in architecture and classification
stages of cost in addition to the display of vocabulary and concepts
important adjacent and influential in the course design and productive to
know the research problem is not so obvious effect of (check) concepts
Utility (adjacent) in track design creative in Architecture the aim is to
clarify the above and down to form a theoretical framework is
Knowledge clear indications of what has been applied to the product of
an architect specializing in order to explore the impact of these indicators
achieved the objective of the research and then head to put the final
conclusions and recommendations.

Keywords: creative, consciousness, cognition, perceptual, thought 

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Hydraulic Model Development using HEC-RAS and Determination of Manning Roughness Value for Shatt Al-Rumaith

Research Article:

Ameera Mohamad Awad*
Department of Civil Engineering , College of Engineering , University of Al- Muthanna.

E-mail addresses: hudamohammad20@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Selection of appropriate Manning’s coefficient is critical to the accuracy of
computed water surface profiles. Moreover , estimation of channel
roughness parameter is of key importance in the study of open- channel flow
particularly in hydraulic modeling .Hence, it is essential to calibrate the
channel roughness coefficient for open channel whether natural or artificial .
In the present study , it is attempted to calibrate the value of Mannnig’s “n”
coefficient by comparing the computed water surface profiles with observed
one , using HEC-RAS steady flow model for shatt al-Rumaith channel in AlMuthanna (Iraq ) . For this calibration , the flows for the year 2014 has been
considered . It is found that the value of Manning’s roughness coefficient for
shatt al-Rumaith shows a good agreement between the computed with
observed water surface profiles , is n=0.023and n= 0.04 for main channel
and floodplain respectively

Keywords:Manning’s Roughness coefficient , HEC-RAS model ,Calibration , water surface profiles, shatt Al-Rumaith

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Investigation of Noise Levels Within Al-Muthanna University in AlMuthanna Province Iraq

Research Article:

Huda Mohammed Selman*
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al- Muthanna

E-mail addresses: hudamohammad20@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Noise pollution around the Al-Muthanna university in Al-Samawah city
was measured to study the effects on the teaching-learning processes and
performance of both teachers and students during November and December
2014. Digital Sound Level Meter (model a GM1351 ) was used to measure
the noise level, In twelve selected buildings for the study as indoor sites and
the park and main door of the university as outdoor sites . The
measurements at the buildings were carried out in three different time
intervals of the day i.e. in the morning 8:00-10:00am, 10:00-12:00 pm and
12:00-2:00 pm. Noise intensity was also measured in two points at an
interval of half hour .After recording of daily measurements of noise level,
the hourly average noise level for each point of the building and for the
whole buildings were calculated. As well as the total average of noise levels
was calculated in order to compare it with the allowable limits of EPA for
educational institutions. The maximum noise level was found in college of
education (81.8) dBl and the minimum value in college of nursing which
was equal(73.3) dBl. The study results show that the rate of noise level in an
indoor and outdoor sites is very high and not suitable for teaching-learning
processes. Therefore Acts and regulations concerning noise pollution should
be strictly adopted.

Keywords: Noise pollution, Noise level meter , University campus.

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF H-SHAPE MULTI-BAND WITH RECTANGULAR PATCH MICRO STRIP ANTENNA

Research Article:

Ahmed Ghanim Wadday
College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Techniques

E-mail addresses:  ahmadghw@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the design of rectangular multi-band H-shaped microstrip
antenna with rectangular slot (RMSA). A special H-structure with constant substrate
thickness was simulated for the proposed antenna, and the effects of different stub sizes on
rectangular patch antenna performance were investigated. A balanced patch antenna has
been designed and analyzed at frequencies of (1 to 6.5 GHz). COMSOL Multiphysics
program was used for the simulation. The resonant frequencies and radiation characteristics
were analysed. Different frequencies used for Radio Frequency Identification RFID,
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wimax) and computer network
applications were tackled.

Keywords:  COMSOL, Muti-band, micro strip antenna, resonant frequency

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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

Research Article:

Jamal Abdul-Samad Khudair, Aqeel Hatem Chkheiwer
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, Basrah University, Iraq

E-mail addresses: aqeelcivil@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the influence of type of concrete (self compacting concrete
(SCC) and normal concrete( NC)) and compressive strength (30, 50 and 62 MPa) on the
flexural and shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams, as well as punching shear of
slabs.To achieve these targets, 18 beams and 6 slabs are equipped, tested and assessed. The
tested beams were divided into threegroups, the first group consists of six beams failed in
flexure, the second group contains six beams without web reinforcement failed in shear with
shear span/depth ratios of 3(slender beams), the third group consists of six beams without
web reinforcement failed in shear with shear span/depth ratio of 1 (deep beams), each group
consisted of three SCC and three NC geometrically similar rectangular beams of different
concrete strengths. Test results indicated that, for beams failing in flexure, SCC beams
showed similar ultimate load to NC beams. For slender beams failing inshear, the ultimate
load for beams with fc‘ of about 32 and 48 MPa, NC beams showed 6.75 % higher ultimate
load compared with SCC beams, but beams with fc‘ of about 62 MPa, SCC and NC beams
showed almost the same ultimate load value.For deep beams, no considerable difference in
ultimate loads for SCCand NC beams was noticed. For the six geometrically similar slabs
(three slabs made with SCC and three slabs made with NC of different concrete strengths)
which were designed to fail in punching shear, it was found that, SCC slabs exhibited 17.25
% higher ultimate punching shear load than NC slabs.

Keywords: self-compacting concrete, structural behavior, flexure , shear ,punching shear

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PUNCHING SHEAR RESISTANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE TWO WAY SLABS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP STRIPS

Research Article:

Mazen D.Abdulah
University of Basra/ Collage of Engineering ,Department of Civil Engineering

E-mail addresses:  mazend_81@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Keywords: CFRP, SOLID 65

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ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIATION HAZARDS FOR BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN SOME SELECTED PROVINCES IN IRAQ

Research Article:

Raid R. Al-Omari

Civil Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IRAQ,

Hussein Mandeel Ashour 

Civil Engineering Department, Al-Muthanna University, Samawa, IRAQ

Basim Jabbar Abbas
Civil Engineering Department, Al-Muthanna University, Samawa, IRAQ

E-mail addresses:  tosharaid@yahoo.com, alkhuzaie@yahoo.co.uk and basm.jabar@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the effect of soil-pile cap interaction on the dynamic behavior of the
soil-pile system under vibrations. Vertical vibration tests were conducted using experimental
models of pile footings embedded in a finite dry sand layer. The pile footings consist of two
groups of circular piles with spacing/diameter (S/d) ratio equals to 5; the length/diameter
(L/d) ratio for first group was 13.3 and for the second was 20. Each group includes models
with different number of piles. A physical model made of steel box of dimensions of 700 ×
700 mm and 800 mm in height was used for accommodation the test model. In order to
study the effect of cap interaction, the first tests were conducted where a gap was left
between the caps and sand surface as reference, and the second tests all caps in contact with
sand surface. The maximum displacement amplitudes and the corresponding resonant
frequencies of the experimental system were measured using vibration meter and
accelometer fixed on the top of the pile cap. The results of both groups indicated that the pile
cap interaction significantly increases the vertical amplitudes and increases slightly the
resonant frequencies in different proportions

Keywords:   Vertical displacement amplitude, resonant frequency, length of pile/diameter ratio (L/d), spacing of
piles/diameter ratio (S/d), and pile groups.

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ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIATION HAZARDS FOR BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN SOME SELECTED PROVINCES IN IRAQ

Research Article:

Muhannad Kh. Mohammed
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Researches, Al-Mustansiriyh University, College of Basic Education

E-mail addresses: muhannad62@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The radioactive properties of building materials used for the construction of habitable
structures in Iraq were investigated in this study. In the framework of this paper, ten samples
of commonly used building materials (bricks and rocks used for incasing) were collected
from ten Iraqi provinces for radiometric analysis. The activity concentrations of natural
radionuclides in the selected samples were determined by gamma ray spectrometry using
sodium iodide (NaI) detector. Based on the results of this study, the use of rocks for incasing
manufactured in Al-Rumadi is considered to be unsafe for human habitation from
radiological points of view due to relatively high background radioactivity. The radioactivity
levels for building materials for the remaining investigated areas were well within the
permissible limits.

Keywords:   Natural Radioactivity Levels, Radiation Hazards, Building Materials

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Volume 3, Issue 2, Dec 2015, Pages 17-27

Research Article:

Arkan Kh. Al-Taie 

Machines and Equipment Engineering Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.

Ali Hayder Mutib

Machines and Equipment Engineering Department, University of Technology/Baghdad.

E-mail addresses:  arkanaltaie@yahoo.com, ahmiceng1990@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

A numerical simulation to investigate the performance of solar chimney power plant is
presented. A small scale model of solar chimney power plant was modelled by using FLUENT
software. The solar chimney power plants consist of three essential elements, glass roof
collector, chimney (tower) and wind turbine. The output power of the system depends on the
input velocity to wind turbine. The turbine inlet velocity is a function of collector – chimney
junction type. To solve the governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, energy,
Do- intensity, k and equations the finite volume method was adopted by FLUENT software
to model and analyze such system. The results showed that the geometry of entrance region
(collector-chimney junction type) has an effect on the performance parameters especially air
flow velocity. Using curved or rounded junction with deflector will improve system mass flow
rate by 37.65% as compared with straight junction.

Keywords:  Solar chimney, Numerical simulation ,Junction type, Performance parameters.

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Volume 3, Issue 2, Dec 2015, Pages 10-16

Research Article:

Nabaa Shakir Hadi
College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq

E-mail addresses:  nabaalshimmri@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the residential solid wastes characteristics and energy content in Hilla city in the middle of Iraq. The solid waste characteristics, and energy content of Hilla city were found by selecting one area, which represent different lifestyles. Data of samples were collected from 13 multi-storey buildings in the Tuhmaziya region in Hilla city through 2013. The refuse was classified into ten categories (food wastes, paper, plastics , glass, textiles, rubber, tin cans , wood, cardboard, and garden trimmings, etc). The food category was found to be 46.31% of the total weight, and moisture content of 37.52 % .
The chemical formula of a residential solid waste of Hilla city was found to be C802.3 H2630.3 O1074.3 N18 with sulfur and without sulfur as C44.6 H146.1 O59.7 N. The energy content (dry basis) was found to be 12369kJ/kg .

Keywords: Energy content, Residential solid wastes, Chemical formula, Hilla city .

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Volume 3, Issue 2, Dec 2015, Pages 01-09

Research Article:

Riadh A. Abass

Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of AL. Muthanna

Mustafa Sh. Zewair

Dept. of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah

E-mail addresses: mm812000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This research is devoted to investigate the effect of CFRP strips on the behavior and load carrying capacity of strengthened I-section reinforced concrete deep beams. The experimental program variables include configurations of CFRP, spacing between CFRP and type of loading (monotonic or cyclic load) on the behavior of strengthened deep beams. The experimental test results confirm that the strengthening technique of CFRP system is applicable and can increase the shear capacity for strengthened of RC beams. In this study, the ultimate load capacity of the strengthened beams ranged between 18% to 38% under monotonic load and between 11% to 26% under cyclic load over the ultimate load capacity of the reference beam. For beams including CFRP changing the spacing of the strips from 50mm to 20mm, increased the strength of the beam by 17%. For beams subjected to cyclic load the mode failure is nearly the same as that of beams subjected to monotonic load and the cyclic loading produced somewhat less brittle behavior in beam under cyclic loading.

Keywords:CFRP, Cyclic load, I-section, Strengthened.

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