Research Article:

Atheer Muhammed Ali

 Al-Muthanna University, School of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Al-Muthanna, Iraq

Email address: atheer.muhammed@mu.edu.iq   

ABSTRACT

Many academics have been looking for alternatives to asphalt binders, such as alternative binders for hot mix asphalt (HMA), as a result of increasing environmental restrictions and the rising expense of asphalt binders. The goal of this study was to investigate if bioasphalt might be used as a binder instead of petroleum-based asphalt. Mechanical tests such as Marshall Stability, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep were used to evaluate if there was any improvement in the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating waste cooking oil (WCO) at various percentages (0, 1.5, and 3%) by weight of the binder. Marshall Stability, resilience modulus, and dynamic creep performance all improved with the addition of 1.5% WCO to the bituminous mixture. Furthermore, the 1.5% WCO mixture had the maximum creep stiffness, with a 36% improvement in resisting permanent deformation as compared to the conventional mixture. As a result of the benefits of this type of waste material in improving the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures, recycling this waste material will be a suitable technique in waste materials recycling.

Keywords: Asphalt binder; hot mix asphalt; resilient modulus; Stability; waste cooking oil.

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Research Article:

Shyamaa A. Mohammed^a

Sundus S. Al-Azawiey^b

Ahmed Hasan Ali^c

^aChemistry Department, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Samawa, Iraq

^bElectromechanical Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

^cCollege of Engineering, Al-MuthannaUniversity, Samawa, Iraq

Email address: shiemaa@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper was aimed to examine the removal of oil from water by photocatalytic advance oxidation under solar light. A pH of 11 has shown a higher oil removal efficiency. Oil remove efficiency levels at pH 11 have been found 75% within 230 minutes’ oily water effluent, studies have shown that Langmuir isotherm has been the best-fit one of the isotherms for the removal of oil. Data have shown a higher adsorptive capacity. Also we have studied another parameter like (catalyst concentration, initial oil concentration and pH). While the treatment of waste-water is dependent upon a great level of quality for the processed industrial water, the nature of wastes that are added throughout the utilization, and the treatment degree that has been received by the waste-water. Then, the data of the waste-water quality that has been measured routinely and it was reported at the plants of the waste-water treatments are mainly for disposal of the treated effluent or the necessities of the discharge in terms of the gross pollution parameters.

Keywords: Photocatalytic Treatment; Refinery; Wastewater Treatment; ZnO photocatalyst.

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Research Article:

عبدالله عذيب مشاري
المعهد التقني , السماوة

Email address:  Abdmshari_1957@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The work aims to study the joining process of to pices Aluminum alloy
7075 with each other using filler metal of copper or ( Tin + Lead ) by means
of friction stir welding . A group of specimens were joined by friction stir
welding method without metallic filling and using different velocities and
different welding tool. Another specimen were taken with the same previous
conditions but using metallic filler of copper or ( Tin + lead ) ( the filling
metal used in Soldering) . It was evident the interference of this filler with
the base metal (7075) with the assurance of granular growth in the region of
interference , while when using the filler of copper type, no interference
exist but the copper was found separated in the form of tapes around the
region of its interference with the base metal . It was also found that the
higher rotational speed will result in higher refragement in copper.

Keywords: Filler metal, friction stir welding, fusion zone, advanced side, retread side

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Research Article:

 Haider Araby Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Department ,College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University.

Email address:  arabyhaider@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this paper, Silica Fume (S.F.) be used for reinforce pozzolanic cement paste and
the effect of using many weight percentages as (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to
lessening the concrete weight as a cement replacement in concrete mixtures on the
mechanical properties was studied. High range water reducing added to decrease the
water demand of the concrete, when silica fume added. Moreover, (0.025%, 0.05%,
0.1%, and 0.15%) are the proportions of polypropylene Fibers (P.P.F.) by volume,
which used to improve the pervious concrete mechanical properties, physical, and
mechanical properties of hardened concrete containing voids ratio, compression
strength, and flexural strength and, splitting tensile strength investigated. The density
of reference pervious concrete that was get through the experimental work was( 1835
Kg/m3 ) at (28) days ,it permeability coefficient (K) and voids content was( 0.324)
cm/s, and (30.21%) successively, The results shown important increase in
compression, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of pervious concrete containing
silica fume and (P.P.F.) comparison with reference pervious concrete. The mixture of
(10%) of (SF) and (0.1%) of (P.P.F.) gave optimum increased in the compressive,
flexural, and splitting tensile strengths compared with the reference mix and the
results (47.8%, 29.21%, and 24.41%) respectively.

Keywords: Pervious Concrete, polypropylene Fibers, Silica Fume, compressive strength, permeability coefficient, voids content. 

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Research Article:

Yahya k. Atemimi

Civil Engineering Departmnt, College of engineering University of Babylon.

Khitam Abdulhussein Saeed
Environmental Engineering Department,College of Engineering Al- Mustansiriyah University

Email address:  eng.yahya.kadum@uobabylon.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The Kaolinite soil is considered as a problematic soil due to its low
strength with high water content, low density and low permeability. So, there
are attempts to improve the engineering properties of this type of soil by
mixing it with different additives. In this study the Date seeds powder was
used in two forms, first: as a powder (DSP) and mixed with the Kaolin soil at
different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7% and 10%), and second, the
powder was burned at 450OC for 4 hours in furnace (DSPB) then mixed with
Kaolin soil at different percentages by weight (3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%). The
results show an increase of 755% in the strength of the Kaolinite soils at 5%
DSPB as compared to the origin strength when testing in unconfined
compressive strength test UCS. Also, the results show a decrease in plasticity
index for all mixture percentages in DSPB by 26.2% using 10%DSPB. Curing
time results show high percent of increase in strength from 170 to 310 kN/m2
for 0 to 28 days respectively, this increase equal to 1386% from strength of
reference soil.

Keywords:Soil improvement, Kaolinite clay, UCS, Date Seed Powder, curing time

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Research Article:

Ammar Salman Dawooda, Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan
Department of Civil Engineering,College of Engineering, University of Basrah.

Email address:  ammars.dawood@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking
suitability purposes, a total of 27 groundwater samples from wells in
southwest of Basrah city have been analyzed for various geochemical
parameters. The aim of this research was to find the physicochemical
quality of ground water in the southwest of Basrah. The results show that
the quality of groundwater regarding the physical and chemical parameters
of southern Basrah is unsuitable for drinking purposes. The total hardness
(TH) was very high and it was in the ranged (740-6950) mg/l, also the
electrical conductivity (EC) was very high and ranged (1720- 18030)
μS/cm, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a value
less than 100 mg/l for (TH) and 750µs/cm for (EC). According to the
international and national standards the allowable concentration of total
dissolved solids (TDS) should not exceed 500 mg/l, while the groundwater
samples of the study area shows a range of (1200-10790) mg/l, therefore
it is considered very high. Moreover, the other physicochemical properties
of groundwater were analyzed and compared with those of drinking water
standards recommended by the WHO. Groundwater for irrigation has been
studied by using the rating of water samples in relation to salinity and
sodium hazard graph. As a result of the study, only one sample was
accepted for irrigation.

Keywords: Groundwater, Aquifer, Water Quality Index, Basrah Wells

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Research Article:

شمائل محمد وجيه الدباغ
قسم هندسة العمارة، الجامعة التكنولوجية

Email address: shamael.dabbagh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This research examines the physical helth care environments and explores how to utilize
(indoor water features) for regenerating people spirit. Although much research supports the
idea that natural elements may help alleviate stress and anxiety, but bringing nature into the
public interior spaces is problematic. There is a lack of research about the relationship
between the helth care physical spaces, stress, and indoor water features. This study
investigates how to utilize (indoor water features) in the helth care public spaces that may
help reduce stress potential
The absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework for the role of water feature as
an effective restorative element that may reduce stress by providing a pleasant affect, and
exploring its implicit psychological aspects constitutes the main research problem. In view
of the problem under investigation, the goal of the present research is defined to arrive at
the identifying of the main strategies to reduce stress potential by using indoor water
features in the public helth care spaces. Arriving at the aforementioned aim requires
building a theoretical framework, and then the application of the framework to selected
interior helth care spaces images (with various water features) in order to test the validity
of the hypothesis. Finally research findings, a set of recommendations are put forward.

Keywords: Water Features, Anxiety & Stress, Public Waiting Spaces, Health Care Buildings.

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Research Article:

Haider Tawfiq Naeem
Chemical Engineering Department., Engineering College ,Al-Muthanna University

Email address:  dr.haider.ta@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

Productions of surfaces composites have high mechanical properties and altered
microstructural is attracting considerable attention. One of the methods of
fabricating composite surfaces of aluminium matrix alloys are the procedure of
Friction Stir Process (FSP). In this investigation, the producing for the surface
composites of Aluminum_Zinc_Magnesium_Copper alloy (7000 series) with
the pulverizing particulates of (Al_5wt%Zn_2.5wt%Mg_1.5wt%Cu_4wt%,
6%, 8% Ni), as the reinforcement particles using FSP was discussed. The
reinforcements were from Al_Zn_Mg_Cu particulates as well various nickel
powder (mass percentages) synthesized using the high-energy, ball milling
alloying process. Composites samples underwent for the homogenizing
treatment through various temperatures. These samples have subjected the
ageing treat with 120 °C for one day. Results showed a 70% decrease in the grain
sizes of the surface of composites Al-alloys compared with as-received Al-alloy.
The grain refinement and uniform dispersion of the reinforcements during the
Al-matrix were obtained because of the optimized parameters of FSP. The
intensity of precipitations intermetallic, which as reinforcements increased after
heat treatments along with the phases of the precipitates. The effects of the grain
reduction and intercompounds with the precipitation phases led to a valuable rise
in the hardness property of surface of aluminium 7000 alloy-reinforced
composities.

Keywords: Strengthening Intermetallic; Mechanical Alloying; FSP

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Research Article:

علي عبد السميع حميد
رئاسة جامعة بغداد – شعبة العقود الحكومية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Constitute the climatic changes the world is facing a significant challenge,
because of his global warming implications of affected various areas and
humanitarian dimensions, and that the problem of misuse of natural resources and
the degradation of the environment has become a clear impact on the weakening
economic development .
Many specialized studies such as the ” Stern Report ” has contributed for the
negative effects of global warming on the economy and development, the report
of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change in raising awareness of the
seriousness of the challenge facing the economy in the world and the human
community. This study aims to examine the reality of effects of which could be
left behind climate change on resources and the various sectors in the world in
general and demonstrate its impact on sustainable development, and the extent of
awareness of the state, institutions and individuals risks and alternatives to
achieve the desired sustainable development. and try to view the most important
efforts by States to counter the effects of climate change, as well as demonstrate
the feasibility of achieving sustainable economic and social development in the
presence of factor climate change.

Keywords:  Climate change , urban planning , urban management , governance climate , adaptation and mitigation .

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Research Article:

أسماء محمد حسين ال ُمقرم ,لهيب علي عبد الحسين الصائغ 
قسم هندسة العمارة , الجامعة التكنولوجية

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Architecture tried since ancient times to deal with the elements of its age, where
cultural production across about multiple levels of technological act, that which shifted
from craft means for changing images formalism to the will of the verification at the
current time, and thus is considered technology as a measure of evolution for
everything gets reality in mental and public understand , also represented a source of
evolution and a sign marked of the times because of the different representation of
reality architectural and cultural. This led the research to the study of (technological
role in the formation of contemporary architecture) as a research problem, where
technology has provided new roles beyond the classical nature, this effect on the nature
of the approved type for architectural contemporary production, therefore research
indicated to the concepts that related to technology that showed a difference of
technological performance by studying the changing relationship between thought and
industry, commitment and borders, public and customization, innovation and
convenience, simplicity and complexity, has also been studying the technology
phenomena for its role as a “thing, knowledge, process, product ” with surrounding
the different impact for levels of expression that based on the stereotypical nature, to
order that the research seeks to discuss about the results of the application conceptual
framework for knowledge provided to two contemporary projects in order to clarify
the impact of technology in violation of the traditional nature of the practice of
architecture first, And differences in the impact of technological manifestations of the

Keywords:  Role of technology, Typology, technology phenomena, levels of expression, contemporary composition

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Research Article:

Wisam S. Al-Rekabi
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, university of Basrah

Email address: wesam752014@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

continuous up-flow moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were used to treat
4m3/d of domestic wastewater in Chongqing city at Southwest China .Both the
anoxic and aerobic reactors were filled to 50 %( v/v) with Kaldnes (K1)
biofilm carriers. After developing the biofilm on the carriers,the effect of
nitrate recycle ratio on biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater
was investigated by operation of reactors under 3 different nitrate recycle
ratios ranging from 50% to 150% (50%, 100%, and 150%) through changing
the value of this parameter every one week. During this operation mode, the
MBBRs was operated under the optimal value of gas/water ratio which equal
to 7/1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) equal to 6.2 hours. The experiment
results showed that optimum value of the nitrate recycle ratio for simultaneous
organic carbon and nutrients removal was equal to 100%. In this nitrate recycle
ratio, the average removal efficiencies were 92.16 %, 98.84 %,71.23 % and
91 % for COD, NH4+-N,TN and TP respectively, while the average dissolved
oxygen concentration (DO) in aerobic and anoxic MBBRs were 4.35 mg./L
and 0.19 mg./L respectively .

Keywords:  Ammonium nitrogen, Autotrophic, Carrier, Heterotrophic, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitrogen, Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactor, Phosphorus

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Research Article:

Abdul Hussain Abdul Kareem Abbas
Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  abdhus71@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Shatt Al-Arab river suffer from high values of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),
these come from two sources the first is from Euphrates river and the second
is from Arabian Gulf. Therefore, In this paper one dimension and unsteady
case was applied to study hydrodynamic and TDS simulation of the river water
by using HEC-RAS in Shatt Al-Arab river and associated rivers was done.
HEC-RAS model is produced by US Army for analyzing river system. This
model could simulate steady and unsteady open channel flow. The data of
discharge, stage and TDS was taken daily for the year of 2014 at different
sections along Shatt Al-Arab river and Tigris-Euphrates confluence. Some of
these gauges was taken as boundary conditions and the others was taken for
verification of the model. Calibration and verification of the Model using these
data were done. Model results were compared with the observed data in these
real rivers. The result show that a very good agreement between observed and
simulated data with minimum correlation (R) was equal to 0.825.

Keywords:  Shatt Al-Arab River , HEC-RAS, Simulation, TDS, Unsteady flow

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Research Article:

 Aqeel H. Chkheiwera, Mazin A. Al-Mazini , Mustafa Sh. Zewair
 Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah

Email address:  aqeelcivil@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated (experimentally and analytically) the influence of
mortar compressive strength (37.4, 48.3 and 60.1 MPa) and the number of
wire mish layer in web and bottom flange on the shear behavior of
ferrocement slender box beams. To achieve these targets, 12 ferrocement box
beams with shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d) of 2.8 (slender beams) are
equipped, tested and assessed, all beams having cross section of 300*175 mm,
length of 2000 mm and hollow core of 180*115 mm. The tested beams were
divided into four groups, each group consists of three beams depending on
compressive strength value, the first group was without wire mish, the second
group was with one layer of wire mish in web and bottom flange, the third
group was two layers of wire mish in web and one in bottom flange and the
fourth group was with two layers of wire mish in web and bottom flange. As
well as ANSYS-11 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear
finite element method. Test results showed that, the first cracking and ultimate
loads increases as the wire mish layers in web and bottom flange increases,
the deflection of the tested beams decreases with increasing mortar
compressive strength and wire mish layers in web and bottom flange, the
finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results
within 9%.

Keywords:  Box Beam, Ferrocement, Shear Behavior

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Research Article:

Mazen D.Abdulah*
Civil Engineering , College of Engineering ,University of Basra

Email address:  mazend081@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The problem of this study is that the building of foundation by stones at the
present time leads to develop cracks in the superstructure. Therefore, the
solutions and the right manner were suggested for building the stone in the
small and big structures. This paper studies using and properties of stones in
building of foundations, that the stone is rigid and stiff in the same time very
cheap for building, especially in the regions wealthy with stone. The models
were taken for analyzing, firstly experimentally in the field site and secondly
by Plaxis Program using the Finite Elements with the same properties of the
soil and calculate the vertical displacement, vertical strain, factor of safety and
bearing capacity. It can be concluded that the using of the reinforced columns
in the small foundation in addition to the beam and stones will reduce the
vertical displacement and strain to lower values, maintain high value of bearing
capacity and increase the factor of safety that makes the structure becomes
safer. Also for the big structures like bridges another models were used with
higher loadings and the same above parameters were calculated, the stone with
special requirements approved to improve and treat the soil parameters even
for the big structures.

Keywords: LWC:-light weight concrete, NWC:- normalstrength concrete, HSC:- heig strength concrete , w/c:-water to cement ratio 

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Research Article:

Hussein Yousif Aziz
Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University

Email address:  husseinyousif3@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

The problem of this study is that the building of foundation by stones at the
present time leads to develop cracks in the superstructure. Therefore, the
solutions and the right manner were suggested for building the stone in the
small and big structures. This paper studies using and properties of stones in
building of foundations, that the stone is rigid and stiff in the same time very
cheap for building, especially in the regions wealthy with stone. The models
were taken for analyzing, firstly experimentally in the field site and secondly
by Plaxis Program using the Finite Elements with the same properties of the
soil and calculate the vertical displacement, vertical strain, factor of safety and
bearing capacity. It can be concluded that the using of the reinforced columns
in the small foundation in addition to the beam and stones will reduce the
vertical displacement and strain to lower values, maintain high value of bearing
capacity and increase the factor of safety that makes the structure becomes
safer. Also for the big structures like bridges another models were used with
higher loadings and the same above parameters were calculated, the stone with
special requirements approved to improve and treat the soil parameters even
for the big structures.

Keywords: Rock Mechanics; Foundation Engineering; Bearing Capacity; Plaxis Program 

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Research Article:

عمار رزاق حسن
قسم هندسة المواد/كلية الهندسة/جامعة الكوفة

Email address: ammarr.alshemary@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

In this research was conducted thermal coating process to follow flame spray
technology through the use of gaseous mixture consisting of oxygen and acetylene
for the purpose of obtaining the surface layer of nickel plating – Aluminum
(metco450) on the surface of medium carbon steel type (AISI 1050). Provide an
increase in the mechanical properties of the surface of the metal guide and
compensate for the missing parts of the surface as a result of the process of wear
and tear. Was conducted in three successive phases, first phase involved the
preparation of models and to create the basis for this surface models as well as the
preparation of powder coating and analyze the chemical components of the
models and powder coating. While the second phase involved the implementation
of the coating process (nickel – aluminum) using a flame spray coating process
was carried out in different ways for each model through a change in the granular
size of the powder coating. The third phase of the research included the testing of
standard tests check adhesion, examination of roughness, check the wear and tear
and check the hardness of the coating as well as microscopic examination of the
paint and the surface layer basis. Where results showed that increasing the size
particleboard from (25μm) to (75μm) led to increased wear rate and a decrease in
adhesion coating layer, as noted increased roughness layer coatings increase size
particleboard for powder coating, also led to increase size particleboard for
powder coating to a decrease in hardness layer paint.

Keywords:flame spraying, coating nickel- aluminum, medium carbon steel, particle size

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Research Article:

Muslim A. k. AL-Kannoon
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kufa University.

ABSTRACT

This investigation aims to improve the stress-strain behavior and mechanical properties of
lightweight concrete in order to use it in structural members. Special type of lightweight concrete was
produced in this study prepared by mixing Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC type I) and white gravel
of low specific gravity, sand with very low percentage of 10% from gravel weight, and w/c ranged
from 0.42 to 0.46 , silica fume added as percentage from cement weight and STYRENE
BUTADIENE RUBBER (SBR) was added also in different percentages(5%, 10% and 15%). The
main mixes 1:5 (cement: gravel) and 1:4 were used in this study. The tests in this research include
stress- strain tests for both ascending and descending portions, compressive strength test, tensile
strength test, flexural strength test and density of specimens. The most significance effect done by
adding 15% SBR resin and gives (110%) increment in compressive strength for 1:4 mixes and ( 142
%) increment for1:5 mixes. For mixes 1:5 and by adding 15% SBR, the tensile strength increased
100%, flexural strength increased also 62% and density of specimens increased 8.2% , but more
significant effect is seen for mixes 1:4, the increased in tensile and flexural strength and density of
specimens were 138%, 109% and 7.71% respectively. The values of modulus of elasticity increased
also compared with reference mixes and have excellent values ,by adding 15%SBR the increment
was ( 58 %) for 1:4 mixes, and ( 150 %) increment for 1:5 mixes, that increments are very important
to reduce the deflection in concrete members such as slabs and beams, therefore, like this polymer
concrete can be used as structural members

Keywords: stress-strain behavior, compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, lightweight concrete , polymer concrete, SBR.

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The Adjacent Conceptions Effect on Creativity According to Detailed Path for Creation Process

Research Article:

Basim Hasan Al-Majedia , Ahmed Hashim H. El-Eqapy
Arch. Engineering. Department , University of Technology 

ABSTRACT

The Contemporary narratives focused on the study of the architectural
design process of general framework of an understanding of the
important elements of the path of the process and ended to focus on the
concept of innovation as a concept overarching all the bases underlying
innovation in the process illustrates the design in architecture, hence the
need arose to study the impact of the rest of the concepts adjacent it to
strengthen and assigning creative path in general and its role in
influencing the detailed stages of cost in particular.
This paper goals are of defining general principles of the conceptions
creativity and the importance of theory in architecture and classification
stages of cost in addition to the display of vocabulary and concepts
important adjacent and influential in the course design and productive to
know the research problem is not so obvious effect of (check) concepts
Utility (adjacent) in track design creative in Architecture the aim is to
clarify the above and down to form a theoretical framework is
Knowledge clear indications of what has been applied to the product of
an architect specializing in order to explore the impact of these indicators
achieved the objective of the research and then head to put the final
conclusions and recommendations.

Keywords: creative, consciousness, cognition, perceptual, thought 

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design evaluate the performance of Architecture Department students in the subject of the drawing architecture and presentation

Research Article:

سؤدد عبد الغني شياع
قسم هندسة العمارة, كلية الهندسة ,جامعة المثني

ABSTRACT

Keywords: التقويم –مجالات التقويم 

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Hydraulic Model Development using HEC-RAS and Determination of Manning Roughness Value for Shatt Al-Rumaith

Research Article:

Ameera Mohamad Awad*
Department of Civil Engineering , College of Engineering , University of Al- Muthanna.

E-mail addresses: hudamohammad20@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Selection of appropriate Manning’s coefficient is critical to the accuracy of
computed water surface profiles. Moreover , estimation of channel
roughness parameter is of key importance in the study of open- channel flow
particularly in hydraulic modeling .Hence, it is essential to calibrate the
channel roughness coefficient for open channel whether natural or artificial .
In the present study , it is attempted to calibrate the value of Mannnig’s “n”
coefficient by comparing the computed water surface profiles with observed
one , using HEC-RAS steady flow model for shatt al-Rumaith channel in AlMuthanna (Iraq ) . For this calibration , the flows for the year 2014 has been
considered . It is found that the value of Manning’s roughness coefficient for
shatt al-Rumaith shows a good agreement between the computed with
observed water surface profiles , is n=0.023and n= 0.04 for main channel
and floodplain respectively

Keywords:Manning’s Roughness coefficient , HEC-RAS model ,Calibration , water surface profiles, shatt Al-Rumaith

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