Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (10-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2011-01-01/10-24

Research Article By:

مهند حسين الشراوي

ABSTRACT

A concrete bridge has been constructed on 1979 at Mosul city. The total length of bridge is 660 m and its width is 20 m. The bridge consists of 10.3 m in length for each. Each span was constructed from box girders supported by 9 columns and ceiling by concrete caps. Due to the defects in maintenance along time, the expansion joints experienced severe damage causing horizontal displacement for the upper parts of columns toward the abutments. These displacements create bending moments at the middle parts of these columns. In addition to that, one of girders was deteriorated because of an explosion causing structural failure to this part.
In this work, it is presented a survey for all failures that the bridge experienced. Then after, it was suggested the means that can be applied for rehabilitation the bridge to be enough and stable for sustainable exploitation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (1), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2011), Pages (14-22)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2013-1-1/14-21

Research Article By:

حسين منديل الخزاعي و قاسم جبير سلمان

Corresponding author E-mail: halkhuzaie@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

In GIS, it is essential to use the areal and space images as data references for information, but it is necessary to create digital information using software such as SURFER 8 and ARC view. These data can be furnished to create digital contour lines map in a rapid way rather than the conventional methods.
In this paper, GIS technique was used for producing 3 dimension contour maps for earth surface. This was called as Digital Elevation Model that can provide a view for spatial coordination for the location of these maps. The area was selected for this study is the sand dunes area at Al-Mamlaha (Samawa city district). The source of space images was Google Earth.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (82-96)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/82-96

Research Article By:

Ahmed Rajih Hassan, Ali Khalil Ismael and Firas Naif Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: ah.ra3@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Corrosion inhibitors studies were carried out on carbon steel rebar samples under different pH condition sand in the presence and absence of chloride ions in solution. A known amount of sodium nitrite was added as an inhibitor and the mechanism of inhibition was studied by tracking both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the system. The studies indicate that Inhibition efficiency decreases with increase of temperature, and there is a competition between the corrosion and passivation reactions, and the resulting open-circuit potential depends on the relative strength of the corroding and passivating environments. The corrosion rate depends to a great extent on the pH of the solution. Nitrite ions act as anodic inhibitors by increasing the rate of formation of a barrier oxide film. The protective action of the nitriteions seems to be more pronounced in highly corroding environment. This is due to the mechanism of inhibition, which uses the product of the unwanted corrosion reaction and converts it into a favorable passivating one. For a given amount of chloride, a minimum threshold concentration of nitrite is essential for protecting the steel.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibitors, corrosion of rebar, sodium nitride.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (66-81)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/66-81

Research Article By:

Turki Y. Abdulla, Haroution A. Hairik and Adel M. Dakhil

Corresponding author E-mail: turkey@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Direct torque control (DTC) of three phase induction motor uses the motor stator resistance to estimate the stator flux. The variation of stator resistance due to changes in temperature or frequency deteriorates the performance of DTC controller by introducing errors in the estimated flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque. A fuzzy based stator resistance estimator during the operation of the motor is proposed. By means of comparing the actual current and the reference current, the change of stator resistance can be estimated. The estimation method is implemented using fuzzy logic control schemes. Simulation results obtained clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimator in estimating the stator resistance and improving performance of DTC.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (46-65)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/46-65

Research Article By:

Anmed R. Hasan and Karim K . Egab

Corresponding author E-mail: mr.ahmedrazaq@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper present theoretical analysis for a solar refrigeration process to generate cold air for air conditioning by parabolic collector in Al-Samawa city conditions. The working fluid in the cooling cycle is water only, which is used as refrigerant fluid. The mathematical description based on the conservation equations of mass, energy, momentum, some gas dynamic equations, and state equations, is made to understand the flow inside the ejector. Engineering equation solver (EES) software is used to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations. The objective of work is to study the performance of solar-ejector conditioning system, on 21^st day of July and December months in 2011 according to Al-Samawa climates condition the different from other city is by received solar intensity and the position of the city in longitude and latitude lines. The results of performance of the system show that the coefficient of performance between (0.05-0.33) with cooling capacity between (0.1-0.56) KW during the day for a collector of 10.5 m² area.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (38-45)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/38-45

Research Article By:

Rasheed Saleem Abed

Corresponding author E-mail: mosul_5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Alhadba minaret in Mosul is one of the oldest islamic monuments with its surprising curvature, height and old age of over 800 years. During the past 50 years there was a considerable amount of leaning in the minaret due to various natural and human causes. The amount of leaning was generally increasing but there was no unified or fixed control that is referenced from various monitoring groups. This paper describes the effort to design and implement a monitoring system that can be referred in the future. Fixed control points and targets have been worked. Samples of monitoring results are presented. These measurements compose a complementary part of the data collection effort required for a major preservation project that is proposed to be conducted in the future.

Keywords: Al-Hadba, leaning monitoring, heritage preservation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (14-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/14-24

Research Article By:

Hussein Abed Zaidan

Corresponding author E-mail: husain_zaidan2000@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to study the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy 2024 – T6 at multi variable temperatures and velocities in seawater. 2024-T6 is widely used in aircraft structures, especially wing and fuselage structures under tension. The specimens were manufactured by dimensions of 1.5 cm length x 1.5 cm width x 0.2 cm thickness, According to ASTM (G71-30). Corrosion test was implemented by using potentiostatic polarization measurements in seawater 3.5%NaCl at a temperature of 25°C, 50°C and 75°C , velocity 1, 2, 3 m/min . The potential of circuit was determined by open circuit depending on AL in electrochemical series after that the rate of cell’s current is changed due to 100± (m v). From result which obtained by Tafel equation. It was found that the corrosion resistance of 2024 – T6 Al alloy, increases with increasing velocity and decreases with increasing of temperature.

Keywords: Corrosion resistance, aluminum alloy, velocity, temperature, seawater.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2013), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-01/01-13

Research Article By:

Esam Mohammed Ali, Ali Hadi Adheem and Ahmed Samir Naje

Corresponding author E-mail: hillaured@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the effect of fire flame on some mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete specimens. To determine the workability, different test methods are adopted in this research such as slump-flow, T50 slump-flow, L-box, U-box and V-funnel. The concrete specimens were subjected to fire flame at the lower surface only to reach temperatures around 400,500 and 600 °C for one hour, then they were cooled gradually to room temperature. After that, they were tested for weight loss, compression, splitting and flexural and compared with specimens not subjected to fire flame (reference mix).
Based on the results of this work, it may found that the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete decreases with fire temperature exposure. The residual values of compressive strength were (71-88) % of the strength for the reference specimens. The flexural strength is more sensitive to fire flame temperatures. The residual flexural strengths were in the range of (58- 81) % of the flexural strength for the reference specimens. The splitting tensile strength was extra sensitive than the compressive strength. The residual splitting tensile strength were in the ranges of (58- 90) % of the splitting strength for the reference specimens. The weight loss of concrete specimens increases with increasing fire temperature. The reduction in weight loss ranged between (3.47-6.17) % relative to reference specimens.

Keywords: SCC, fire flame, warkability, mechanical properties.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2013), Pages (73-82)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-02/73-82

Research Article By:

Kareem N. Hussien

Corresponding author E-mail: kareem_najem@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a method considering the effect of fiber geometry and volume fraction for predicting the tensile strength, shear stress and Von Mises stress. The finite element scheme for the micromechanical modeling of the behavior of fiber reinforced polymeric composites under external load is developed. The model is used to estimate the stress distribution throughout the composite domain and to identify the location where maximum stresses occur. The ratio between fiber modulus and matrix modulus must be high enough to improve the mechanical properties and to reduce the premature interfacial failure. The prediction of the stress distribution by using a simulation tool could be helpful for more understanding the real reasons behind failure of polymer composites.

Keywords: Polymer composite, finite element, stress distribution, short-fiber reinforced composite.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2013), Pages (61-72)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-02/61-72

Research Article By:

Mohammed Razzaq Mohammed

Corresponding author E-mail: m.r.alassadi14@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Anthocynin pigment is one of natural pigments material. Pigments are present in each one of the organisms in the world, and plants are the principal producers. They are in leaves, fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In this study the effect of anthocyanin pigment on protection of natural rubber from UV radiation and effect of pigment on some mechanical and physical behaviour of natural rubber was assessed. Anthocyanin pigment was prepared from chards by filtration method. It was added to NR from (5pphr) to (25 pphr). The samples with anthocyanin and without were exposed to UV for a various periods and then some mechanical and physical tests were carried out for the prepared specimens. The results showed that the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness and specific weight decreased with increasing of anthocyanin. Elongation increased with increasing of anthocyanin pigment. When samples exposed to UV, the results showed a broad enhancement in the mechanical properties for all samples contained anthocyanin. This research was used a natural and cheap material available largely in plants to protect of polymers from degradation and to improve their properties instead of synthetics pigments that they are harmful and expensive.

Keywords: Natural rubber (NR), anthocyanin, pigment, ultraviolet (UV) mechanical, physical, properties.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2013), Pages (48-60)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-02/48-60

Research Article By:

Riadh A. Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: Readh_56@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Concrete is a relatively durable building Materials, it may be failed or damaged due to the effect of some properties of soil components, such as salt, sulfate and underground water, especially when the concrete used in construction of the underground structures. Sulfate and salt (which are dissolved in water) try to penetrate through the concrete and attack it. The attack effects will be on the strength characters of concrete and rebar reinforcements.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of soil components on strength of concrete (for 28 day age) when the concrete is buried in the soil. For achieving this aim of the work, the compressive strength of concrete specimens was tested before and after burying in the ground for the same concrete mix design. The specimens were grouped to be tested under the condition of different periods of burying in the soil for 5 months starting from the casting date. In addition to that, it was investigated the effect of saline degree on the compressive strength of the embedded concrete in the soil. The results of the tested specimens were compared with the reference specimens, i.e. those which had been tested without burying in the soil. The area in which the specimens were buried divided into three zones according to the degree of salinity, this area is in Samawa City (270 km south-west of Baghdad). It was found that the compressive strength of concrete specimens exposed to Sulphate attack in zone A for a period of 79 and 102 decreases from 25.7 MPa to 22.25 MPa, while the others in zones B and C showed a decrease in compressive strength from 25.7 MPa to 17.5 and 18 MPa respectively.

Keywords: Concrete, compressive strength, saline degree, sulphate attack.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2013), Pages (17-29)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-02/17-29

Research Article By:

Ra’id Tarik Hade and Anas B. Salman

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.raidt @yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper studied the effect of operating parameters on the efficiency of a small scale reverse osmosis with cellulose acetate (CA) membrane type has been studied. different samples were selected from several wells from different spots from Baghdad city. It was found that the highest system’s efficiency can be attained at 36 ^oC temperature, 250 pressure, pH=3 and 2000 ppm salinity. Also it has been found that the reflux ratio is proportional to the pressure and temperature of feed water, and this ratio is inversely proportional with the pH and salinity of feed water. Four samples with different salinity values were selected from wells in south of Iraq.

Keywords: Reverse osmosis, water desalination.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (2), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2013), Pages (01-16)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2013-02-02/01-16

Research Article By:

Adel M. Dakhil

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.adelmanaa@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

In this work a simulation of single phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF) to minimize source current distortion is produced by feeding a nonlinear loads. The simulation results for single phase shunt APF with conventional PI controller and fuzzy PI controller were carried out. These two controller forced the single phase shunt APF to inject equal but opposite current in order to shape the source current to a sinusoidal form in phase with supply voltage. Conventional PI controller meets the required performance for ideal APF, but with unbalance load; this controller is failed to do same job hence the gain values of PI controller are set for a certain load condition. This situation lead to search with fuzzy controller in which the proportional and integral gains adjust dynamically as load condition change. The obtained simulation results for the fuzzy controller show good steady state and transient performance for the plant.

Keywords: Active power filter (APF), conventional PI controller, fuzzy PI controller, harmonics minimization, random load variation.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (90-102)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/90-102

Research Article By:

Othman Hameed Zinkaah

Corresponding author E-mail: al_azawy2001@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The present investigations consider the effect of hybrid micro steel- polypropylene fibers on high strength concrete. The fractions of steel and polypropylene fibers are 1% and 0.5% by volume respectively. Many mixes have been investigation by combination between steel fibers and polypropylene fibers with different percentages it is (0%S.F-100%P.P.F), (100%S.F- 0%P.P.F), (25%S.F, 75%P.P.F), (50%S.F-50%P.P.F), (75%S.F-25%P.P.F) in addition to reference mix. Properties of high strength concrete such as compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, and absorption have been studied. The results showed that, the compressive strength decrease by about 28% when adding (0%S.F-100%P.P.F), and there are a small increasing with adding (100%S.F-0%P.P.F). However the results showed that there are an inverse relationship between compressive strength and the amount of polypropylene fibers. Experimental work also showed that adding (0%S.F-100%P.P.F) decrease the splitting strength by about 16%, while using hybrid fibers increase the splitting strength but less than its increasing when adding (100%S.F-0%P.P.F). It can be concluded that, the maximum effect of hybrid fibers is on the flexural strength, it is reach to 128% more than reference mix. Furthermore absorption increases by using polypropylene fibers.

Keywords: Steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, high strength concrete, compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (75-89)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/75-89

Research Article By:

Nabil M. A. Hussian and Ali M. Lafta

Corresponding author E-mail: abilali75@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an analytical research on behavior of columns confined with FRP subjected to axial load and uniaxial bending moment, by using finite element method and ANSYS-14. To indicate the accuracy of this program, five reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fibers from the experimental testing of previous researches are reanalyzed by ANSYS program. The results showed that the percentage of experimental ultimate load to analytical ultimate load are (99.4, 99.6, 99.8, 97.5 and 97.2) %, and there is a reasonable agreement between the load-deflection curves for experimental and analytical results for all studied columns. The effects of important parameters on the ultimate load and the ductility of the column are studied. The results showed that the ultimate load and the ductility are increased by 60.3% and 118.8% as the compressive strength increased from 22 MPa to 40Mpa.The study shows, that the increasing in CFRP layers lead to increasing in the ultimate load and the ductility of the column, The maximum increasing in the ultimate load and ductility for the column are 78% and 69.4% respectively. The results showed that ,the ultimate load and the ductility are increased by 24.1% and 23% respectively when the percentage of steel area is increased from 1% to 4%. Finally, loads with several eccentricities from the center of the column are studied, the results show a significant reduced value in the ultimate load for confined column by 51% at load eccentricity value equal to 125mm. While the column ductility reduced to 42% for the same load eccentricity.

Keywords: Column, CFRP, strengthen, eccentrically load, FEF, ANSYS-14.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (60-74)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/60-74

Research Article By:

Readh A. Abbas and Ahad Z. Hamoodi

Corresponding author E-mail: readh_56@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

An experimental Study was conducted to investigate the size effect on the flexural behaviour of sand-porcelinite lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete one way slabs (SPLWAC OWS). In order to get a clear results, eight slabs were casted, and six of them were strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. To investigate the size effect, four slabs were of 300 mm width, 1500 mm length and 80 mm depth and the others were of 300 mm width, 2000 mm length and 108 mm depth. The present study showed that the SPLWAC OWS showed a reverse size effect. The failure mode was by yield of steel for the control un-strengthened slabs, while it was by yield of steel followed by rupture of CFRP strips for the strengthened slabs. Also, the results of this study were compared with those obtained by the ACI equations. This comparison showed that the ultimate moment strength and deflection obtained by the ACI equations were always less than those obtained experimentally.

Keywords: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips, sand-porcelinite lightweight aggregate concrete, one way slabs, monotonic loading, variable amplitude loading.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (46-59)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/46-59

Research Article By:

Riadh A. Abass and Mustafa Sh. Zewair

Corresponding author E-mail: readh_56@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The experimental program consisted of testing four I-section reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with CFRP strips made from lightweight concrete (porcilinate). The experimental program variables include configurations of CFRP. Experimental results obtained from the adopted strengthening CFRP techniques show a significant improvement in the behavior and shear carrying capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams. A stiffer load deflection response is observed for beams strengthened with CFRP strips as compared with response of control deep beam and the inclined CFRP strips give better enhancement than the vertical CFRP strips in ultimate load, deflection and crack width. Nonlinear finite element analysis is performed using the ANSYS-11. The Comparison between experimental results and numerical results indicates that numerical models can successfully used to simulate similar cases. Where the ultimate numerical load to ultimate experimental load ranged between (88%-96%). And good agreement for (load–deflection) curves between numerical and experimental.

Keywords: ANSYS, CFRP, I-section, lightweight, strengthened.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (38-45)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/38-45

Research Article By:

Ali Husain Hawi

Corresponding author E-mail: hawy63@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Glass – ceramic material as main component in aerospace application (shuttle), bio-material for the veneering of metal restoration in destroy. In this work glass-ceramic from raw material (Oxides + BaO) was prepared. The XRD analysis showed that the heat treatment causes a very rapid crystallization process and at 900 °C, a new phase, MgFe2O4 structure appears in the glass matrix. Addition of different weight percentage of Magnesium metal to glass – ceramic were studied to estimate some properties such as density , young modulus, and hardness. The results show decreasing in density to 2.06*103kg/m3 when add 9%Mg , this result prefer in application of glass-ceramic, especially in aerospace application (window of shuttle). The addition of 9% Mg leads to increase young modulus (E) to (73.5 Gpa). Mg addition on glass -Ceramic leads to decrease Hardness to (260.5 HB at 9% Mg). Microstructure inspection show the gradually spread of Mg metal through the glass matrix leading to a consolidate for all the alternative properties.

Keyword: Addition of Mg, glass ceramic, density, mechanical properties.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (25-37)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/25-37

Research Article By:

Ayad Kadhum Hussein

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.ayad.alkafajy@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship of rainfall amount is one of the most commonly used tools in water resources engineering for planning designing, and operation of water resources projects. The objective of this research is therefore, to develop operational IDF relationships for the province of Kerbala based on historical data. The IDF curves have been developed considering application to Kerbala area and presented in the form of general mathematical equation, curves relating Intensity–Duration-Frequency of rainfall. The IDF curves are plotted for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year return periods in Kerbala. The values of the constants α, γ and exponents β, τ in the IDF function are calculated from the observed precipitation data by using different methods. Using the methods of goodness of fit has been reached in Kerbala that the Log Pearson type III is the best method of other methods.

Keywords: Plotting position, rainfall frequency analysis.

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Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (3), Issue (1), Year (30 December 2014), Pages (11-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2014-03-01/11-24

Research Article By:

Ragheed Fatehi Makki

Corresponding author E-mail: ragheed.almutwali@uokufa.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

No-Fine concrete filled double steel tube columns (CFDST) are being increasingly used for structural applications. It has been used for submerged tube tunnels, nuclear containment, liquid and gas retaining structures, vessels under external pressure in very deep water and for compression members in offshore construction, this is due to the aesthetic appearance, ease of maintenance and simple of construction. The (CFDST) columns also have excellent resistance to seismic loads and fire. This paper comprises of an experimental study on the structural behavior of double steel tubular columns filled with No-Fine concrete under axial load. Eight samples of double steel circular tubes with different diameters for the inner and outer tubes are used, with different slenderness ratios (L/r), different ultimate strengths of No-Fine concrete (fc′). Also two cases are study for (CFDST) samples first with hollow inner tube and second with completely filled inner and outer tubes with No-Fine concrete.
The experimental results show that the effect of height (the slenderness (L/r) ratio) on the ultimate strength of CFDST columns will have a reverse relation. While the effect of uniaxial compressive strength (fc′) and the effect of fully filling the core of internal tube on the ultimate strength of CFDST columns will have an increase relation.

Keywords: No-fine concrete, compression members, concrete filled double steel tubes (CFDST).

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