Category: Uncategorized

Multiple Vehicles Detection Using A Hybrid Segmentation Technique

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (25-35)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/25-35

Research Article By:

Ahmed Freidoon Fadhil

Corresponding author E-mail: ahmedfadhil83@uokirkuk.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The visual analysis of moving objects has been an important computer vision research area. As the number of vehicles is increasing on the roads, the need for accurate detection of vehicles is rising. A hybrid segmentation method that combines background subtraction, threshold segmentation, morphological operators, and watershed segmentation is proposed in this paper.
The shadow has a vital effect on the performance of many fields like tracking, classification, detection, and shape analysis. The shadow presented in the data used in this paper was successfully removed using watershed and shape analysis. Since the connected vehicles touch each other in the boundary only, the watershed transform can correctly isolate these touching cars. The proposed system overcomes the over-segmentation drawbacks of the watershed transform by applying it to the gradient of the image rather than the image itself.
Finally, shape analysis is used to remove large shadow parts which lead to the detection of the vehicles only. An accuracy detection rate of 97% was reported from the highway video which is astonishing result compared to existing methods. The proposed algorithm was coded using MATLAB R2014b programming language. The accuracy and simplicity of the proposed system make it applicable for real-time traffic surveillance Applications.

Keywords: Detection, background subtraction, threshold method, watershed transform, and shape analysis.

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Fresh and Hardened Characteristics of Sustainable Self-Compacting High Performance Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (14-24)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/14-24

Research Article By:

Haider Mohammed Owaid

Corresponding author E-mail: eng.haider.ma@uobabylon.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly presents the producing of self-compacting high performance concrete (SCHPC) incorporating silica fume (SF) as a supplementary cementing material. Various percentages of replacement by weight of cement were tried including 5, 10 and 15%. The water/ binder (W/B) ratio and total binder content for all types of mixes were fixed at 0.30 and 484 kg/m3, respectively. The fresh properties of SCHPCs were investigated by slump flow, T50, V-funnel flow time and L-box (blocking ratio) tests. The hardened properties of SCHPCs were tested for bulk density, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results showed that there was a progressive decrease in flowability properties of SCHPC with increasing SF content. Whereas, test results the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths and UPV increased with increase in SF levels. Furthermore, SCHPC mixture contains 10% cement replacement of SF exhibited higher values of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and UPV compared with control mix of SCHPC for 28 days. The final conclusion is that SF can be used as a sustainable supplementary cementing material in producing self-compacting high performance concretes.

Keywords: Self-compacting high performance concrete (SCHPC); silica fume; pozzolanic activity; fresh properties; hardened properties.

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Earthquake Rating of Pore Water Pressure Generation – Induced Liquefaction of Earth Fill Embankments by Numerical Simulation

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (5), Issue (3), Year (30 December 2017), Pages (01-13)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2017-05-03/01-13

Research Article By:

Baydaa Hussain Maula, Hussein Yousif Aziz and Kareem Hassan Alwan

Corresponding author E-mail: dr.maula@itbaghdad.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

The collapse of embankments, dams and slopes in the Arab world has become a phenomenon need to stand on the causes and consequences. The magnitude of the devastation due to Liquefaction phenomenon need to take the necessary precautions to reduce potential losses. Investigation of the (naturalist and imitation) of slopes and embankments stability is a hard geotechnical errand. Therefore embankments numerical study is implementing to diminish the situation of falling flat slants and rashes during shaking through appropriate FEM software. The FOS and liquefaction potential trend are obtained using finite element technique “Newmark” deformation analysis. The conformity of the analysis is verified by inquiry a layered slope of two altered soil deposits exposed to earthquake shaking. The conclusion from the study proved that the soil stratified trend has an immediate influence on the stability of the slope due to shaking and it is the simplest technique to reduce shaking effect. All combined phenomena which have delivered serious harm all over the world concentrated under quake examined under a record of 0.1 to 0.5g with particular case study to explore liquefaction zones due to the quake. Changeability of textural properties of soil layers affecting FOS and liquefaction has been examined for embankments. This study comes to put a highlight on Mosul Dam problem and give some suggestion and conclusions to its problems.

Keywords: Seizmic zones; geostudio 2007; erathfill dam; Imitation slope; numerical simulation; Mousl.

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The expressive relationship between the external formation and the internal void

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (96-112)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/96-112

Research Article By:

باسم حسن الماجدي، مصطفى علي مدلول و سراج جبار المرشدي

Corresponding author E-mail: basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The architectural styles and Methods it Appeared and that were varied and Multiply to bear a distinct and aesthetic identity, especially in the external form and predicates in internal structure of the building. The conditions surrounding the building had a great effect in the formulation of the architectural work represented in the internal composition of the spaces based on the prevailing ruling thought which was accompanied by the external configuration also strong and clear architecturally And Idiomatic, With a variety of time periods accompanied by a difference in cultural, social and intellectual values, there is a philosophy of architectural expression carried by that relationship between architectural and conceptual philosophical design which is used to understand the relationship between external configuration and internal configuration , Therefore, the research problem came with (the absence of a clear perception of the expressive relationship between the external configuration and the internal space and its effect on the recipient). Which called for studying the intellectual approaches to the relationship between the external configuration and the internal vacuum Which led to the search for a general framework for understanding the mechanisms of architectural expression at the philosophical and design level , and then formulate and test the virtual perceptions of the research and application by asking a questionnaire form, which depends on the theoretical framework drawn from a group of residents from within the field of architecture (Department of Architecture, University of Babylon), On a set of research samples. The research adopted qualitative measurement of results. The research found that the use of the principle of integration in architecture requires an expressive relationship between form and space, emphasizing this intellectual compatibility and achieving the visual pleasure of the recipient.

Keywords: External formation, internal space, architectural expression mechanisms, integration, contradiction.

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The community participation authority in the empowerment of architectural products

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (64-75)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/64-75

Research Article By:

باسم حسن هاشم الماجدي و هديل سعد رزوقي

Corresponding author E-mail: Basim_hhm@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The community participation its one of empowering strategy considered as a contemporary concepts within the 20th century which enable us to connect (designer and community empowering production aims to free the potential of individuals, and involve them in the process of construction as success depends on the harmony of the individuals needs with an organized vision of long-term goals. In this light, the problem of research was determined as ( the lack of knowledge clarity about the concept of community participation as a reflection of the power of society in the empowerment of production in contemporary architecture ).
According to this research problem, the hypothesis of research has been determined (The strategy of community participation represent an indicator to the level of integration between society designer to enable architectural production. The efficient societal participation may produced an important level of sustainability) The aim of the research is (To achieve the objective of the research, the comprehensive theoretical framework is required through the basic vocabulary (empowerment, , participation mechanisms, characteristics of participatory production sustainable empowerment) that have been applied to selected samples.
Toward the final stage, which focused on analyzing and discussing the results and determining the final conclusions. society through the analysis and measurement of the variables to find that the results varied as the main and secondary according to the infrastructure of the community and prove its importance in reaching the highest degrees of participation to achieve a product acceptable to the community and satisfaction of the designer.

Keywords: Empowerment, community participation, product, community sustainability.

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Study the Effects of Improving Power Factor on Electrical Distribution Network in Al-Muthanna Governorate

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (52-63)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/52-63

Research Article By:

Ali Abed Aljabar Hussen Al-Samawi

Corresponding author E-mail: aliasamaw@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This paper represents analysis and study the effects about improve power factor for an electric distribution network in Al- Muthanna governorate, and show method Calculation of power factor, apparent power, reactive power and current, compare these results with regard to before and after the improved power factor in the electric distribution network in Al- Muthanna governorate. This paper represents the results of the improvement of the power factor by increasing the efficiency and the capacity of the electrical system…etc. Calculation of the percentage of the reduction of electric power losses and calculating the monthly cost of this reduction The difference in the apparent power between before and after improvement is 19.5 MVA from the change of power factor in 78 feeders of the electric distribution network of Al- Muthanna Governorate.

Keywords: Power factor, relative power.

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Simulation of Cylindrical Body Structure Subjected to Flow in Different Reynolds Number Regimes

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (45-51)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/45-51

Research Article By:

Mohammed J. Mawat

Corresponding author E-mail: mohammed.mawat@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

A vacillating forces on the body are causes by The vortex shedding vacillate, and generating a cyclic variation in two directions, cross flow(CF), in same direction of flow and in-line(IL) with direction normal to flow. Determination of the force components, (CF) and (IL) directions is important when doing further Lock-in state. As a choice an alternative to response models the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations is presented and can be adopted for vortex induced vibration (VIV) analysis to conquer the restrictions of the status approach of practice engineering. To estimate the lift and drag coefficients the turbulent flow is simulated depending on shear stress transport(SST) of k-ω turbulence model with characteristics which utilized time dependent test (transient) using ANSYS FLUENT 16.1 and examined at various values of Reynolds number (30, 75, 200 and 1000) with uniform velocities of (0.06, 0.15, 0.4 and 2) m/s to overcome laminar, transport and turbulence regimes. At Re < 40 no lift force component will effect on the cylinder, then it clearly appears in the regime Re greater than 40.

Keywords: Computational fluid dynamic, Reynolds number, vortex induced vibration, Von Karman street.

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Wemos-D1 and Raspberry Pi3 Based Smart Communication and Control of Home Appliances System

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (29-44)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/29-44

Research Article By:

Bilal Naji Alhasnawi and Basil Hani

Corresponding author E-mail: bilalnaji11@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Expansion in smart home technology assists people around the world to improve the quality of life individuals. Various smart home technologies considered in our work include Email based smart home systems, Bluetooth based smart home systems, Global System for Mobile communication or mobile based smart home systems, Short Messaging Service based smart home systems and Internet-based smart home systems. We need a low power device that transmits messages through a less verbose protocol. Owing to the ubiquitous availability of WiFi, all the appliances within a home can be connected through a common gateway (Raspberry pi3). This paper presents an overview of a lightweight Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Sensors and actuators are connected to Wemos-D1 board. In the prototype home, we implemented MQTT on Raspberry pi3 and Wemose-D1 board.

Keywords: MQTT; raspberry Pi3 board; home devices; sensors; wemose-D1 board.

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Properties for Amalgam Reinforced by NiCrMo Nanowires

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2018), Pages (20-28)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-01/20-28

Research Article By:

Rana Afif Anaee, Alaa Hassan Ali, Farooq Hassan Ali and Ahmed Rajih Hassan

Corresponding author E-mail: ah.ra34@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

NiCrMo nanowires with four weight percents include 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 wt% have been added to conventional amalgam to improve its properties especially thermal conductivity which is represented important property to reduce the sensation of root for hot and cold foods and beverages. NiCrMo nanowires were selected because they closed in composition to the known dental alloy (Ni-Cr alloy). SEM technique was used to characterize the modified structure of nanocomposites.
The thermal conductivity was decreased after adding NiCrMo nanowires to amalgam and the reduction is increases with increasing wt% of nanowires, this is due to the dominance of smooth temperature dependence by nanowires which suggest a phononphonon or phonon-defect scattering. AFM inspection also was achieved to show the morphology of surface in addition to measure roughness, and the results showed the decreasing in roughness of amalgam/nanowires composites compared with amalgam due to decreasing in surface irregularities by adding nanowires. This reduction in roughness leads to decrease the accumulation of bacteria on amalgam and then reducing biocorrosion. Also, microhardness of amalgam/NWs composites was increased compared with conventional amalgam and the increment increased with increasing wt% of nanowires. The increment in microhardness is suggested the filling of vacancies within amalgam by nanowires and getting more coherent for components in amalgam especially with Hg which is the main cause of the reduction in hardness. On the other word, in present work, we improved thermal conductivity in addition to get more microhardness and less surface roughness by adding nanowires. Simulation study was achieved for thermal properties to confirm the role of NiCrMo nanowires to reduce heat.

Keywords: NiCrMo nanowires; thermal analysis; ANSYS 15; conventional amalgam.

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The Impact of Abandoned Buildings on the Quality of Urban-Scape

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (222-236)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/222-236

Research Article By:

وحدة شكر الحنكاوي و محمود حسين محمد علي

Corresponding author E-mail: wahdahankawi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cities pass through several transformations during their stages of development, the most influential was the one that accompanied the industrial revolution and modernity, resulting in scattered structures, functional requirements and industrial activities that affected cities spatially. The advancement of knowledge, technological development, innovation, and industrial progress in the post-industrial era had a great impact on the adoption of more technological applications in conjunction with the global transformations and globalization, this has resulted in the phenomenon of neglected buildings. which has been reflected in buildings, structures, industrial zones, and the quality of urban fabric, and its scene, from which the problem of research was identified as “lack of cognitive perception showing the impact of neglected buildings on the urbans cape “. In order to address the research’s problem, a comprehensive theoretical framework was developed for the concept of abandoned buildings, the main reasons, levels of abandonment, and neglect in general. The most important suggestions the impact the quality of the urbans cape, in particular, The research has reached special conclusions, recommendations, procedures and requirements for the owners of buildings to achieve and reduce its negative impact on the urban-scape.

Keywords: Abandoned buildings, urban-scape, urban fabric, urban decomposition.

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Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T-Beam Cast with Self Compaction Concrete Incorporating Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (210-221)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/210-221

Research Article By:

Ali K. Khtar and Dr Jamal A. Khudhair

Corresponding author E-mail: alikadrkhatar1986@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigates (experimentally and analytically) “the flexural behavior of six T-section beams cast with self-compacting concrete (SCC) which contain recycled concrete aggregate as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. The beams have two concentrated loads. Beams have two longitudinal steel ratios of (ρ1=0.0004 and ρ2=0.00077). The tested beams were divided into two groups depending on span to effective depth (a/d) ratio the longitudinal steel ratio . Each group was casted using three type of mixtures with different RCA replacement ratio (0% ,50%, 75%). The SCC T-beams have ( a/d) ratio of 3 and total length of (2.1 m) and all beams have gross section area of (0.504) m2. As well as ANSYS-14 program was used to analyze these beams by nonlinear finite element method. Test results showed that, when increasing the RCA replacement ratio to 50% the cracking load decreased by average 15.5% and ultimate load was not affected. When increasing the RCA replacement ratio to 75% the cracking load and ultimate load decreased by average 31% and 9.4% respectively, the deflection and crack width of the tested beams increases with increasing RCA replacement ratio, when the steel ratio increased from ρ1 to ρ2 the first cracking load and ultimate load increased by average 20.5% and 46.2% respectively. The deflection and crack width of the tested beams decreases with increasing longitudinal steel ratio. The finite element model gives good agreement with the experimental results with difference within 8%.

Keywords: T-beam, self-compacting concrete, recycle concrete aggregate, flexural behavior.

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Flexural behavior of R.C. two-way slabs with opening strengthened with CFRP sheets

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (200-209)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/200-209

Research Article By:

Esraa Jassim Mohammad and Mazen Dewan Abdulla

Corresponding author E-mail: esraajm23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper present a study of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete two way slabs with opening strengthened by Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer sheets.
The experimental work included testing 10 specimen two-way slabs with opening, which include 4 control specimens and 6 strengthened with CFRP sheets. The dimensions of the slab specimens are (800 × 800) mm, (70) mm depth and they were made of normal strength concrete. The reinforced concrete slabs containing a single eccentric and concentric opening strengthened by CFRP sheets, has been investigated, also the behavior of unstrengthened slabs and the slab without openings has been studied. These slabs were arranged in four groups and four layout of CFRP sheets has been considered. The slabs were tested with uniformly distributed loads and simple supports on the four edges. The results showed that the load carrying capacities have been increased of the slabs with openings strengthened with CFRP sheets when compared with the slabs without strengthening.

Keywords: Two way slab; slab with openings; CFRP sheets.

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Methods and Means of Applying Sustainability Concept in the Constructions

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (169-184)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/169-184

Research Article By:

عمر حازم خروفة

Corresponding author E-mail: omararch2003@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Sustainability concept with all its multi levels and branches is considered one of the most important concepts used within many developmental sectors today which is ruled by technological, political and economical challenges equally .The modern presentations of sustainable architecture concept has referred to the existence of many sides which are missed by many of us and classified outside sustainable architecture concept, furthermore, most of these presentations have be raised during the second half of the last century, but the new century came with new presentations which adopted new forms of the concept, all sustainable architecture presentations referred to the possibility of applying it according to environmental, social, economical and functional considerations. Treatment of these considerations is with, first: physical relates to the tangible sides such as spaces and resources, while the second side, is behavioral connected to the humanitarian characteristics related to the concept with all its ideas and directions concerning the movement function, activity and living status, etc. The current research deals with the criticism and analysis (methods and means of applying sustainability concept in the constructions) through a descriptive analysis for all the sustainable constructions and the effect of the applying the concept on them with different forms.

Keywords: Sustainability, sustainable architecture, sustainable buildings.

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A Hydraulic Model for Identification of Surface Friction Coefficient for Euphrates River within Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (160-168)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/160-168

Research Article By:

Hussein M. Ashour Al. Khuzaie Ameera Mohamad Awad and Mohammed Fadhil Abbas

Corresponding author E-mail: hma@mu.edu.iq

ABSTRACT

This study presents results of a developed hydraulic model to the surface friction roughness (Manning’s coefficient) for the Euphrates River along 110 km within Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. Hydraulic modeling was used a tool for determination of surface friction coefficient. A typical value of surface friction roughness for open natural channels ranges between 0.025 to 0.04 was used as an initial input data for HECRAS hydraulic model. while in this study the calculated value of the surface roughness was compared with those observed and it was found to be in best agreement with the modeled when using value is 0.04.

Keywords: Euphrates River, HEC-RAS model, manning’s coefficient, steady flow.

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Control of Solar Powered Cathodic Protection System

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (152-159)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/152-159

Research Article By:

Hassan F. Faisal and Khearia A. Mohammed Ali

Corresponding author E-mail: hassanfalih583@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Cathodic Protection (CP) is an effective method to reduce the corrosion of metallic structures that submerged in water or buried in soil. In order to reduce the corrosion of any structure, the voltage between the metal to be protected and a reference electrode must be controlled on a preset level called the full protection level. In this paper, a boost converter circuit and L298N integrated circuit were used as a control system to regulate the protection voltage on a preset identified range. The boost converter has been used to raise the supply voltage, while the L298N circuit has been used to regulate the boost converter voltage automatically by adjusting the duty cycle through the Arduino microcontroller.
Before the designing and implementing of the proposed controller, the effect of some different factors should be studied to understand the nature of the system and determine the controller voltage and current ranges. These factors are: The solution temperature, The dissolved oxygen, the anodecathode distance and the power of hydrogen. The photovoltaic array was employed to impress the electrical current to the system.

Keywords: Boost converter, cathodic protection, corrosion, impressed current, solar power.

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Analysis of Image Features Taken from Different Camera Types

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (137-151)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/137-151

Research Article By:

Ameen Mohammed Abd-Alsalam Selami

Corresponding author E-mail: ameen.selami@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

It is necessary to know how a camera resolution and/or its flashlight may affect the captured image properties and features, this is essential especially for those who work in the field of image processing. If the features are modified according to the mentioned two factors, they won’t be valid for processing and analysis, therefore a study should be planed to discover the impact of the presence or absence of those two factors on image features and this was implemented by this paper. Using 11 different digital and cell phone cameras (with and without the flashlight), some histogram and texture image features showed that they change in value and level according to these factors. The Mean feature remains in the high level and does not affect when the resolution of the camera changes from the low to high resolution, but in the cell phone it almost gives medium to high levels in all cases. The Variance of an image showed that in low resolution without flashlight, the camera and cell phone give the same result which is a high level, while the Entropy feature is not affected when the device changes from the normal camera to cell phone camera. More histogram features also are studied later. Contrast feature, as being a texture feature, has a low level in high resolution without a flashlight, Energy, correlation and Homogeneity features are studied and many results were concluded to the researchers who are concerned in image processing. Matlab 2015 and Microsoft Excel are used to complete this work.

Keywords: Image features, flash light, histogram features, texture features.

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Statistical Analysis of Meteorological Factors and Carbon Dioxide as an Air Pollutant in Al-Hilla City, Iraq

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (130-136)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/130-136

Research Article By:

Ala’a Hamed Emran Al-Husseini

Corresponding author E-mail: a_alhusseini16@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to show the connection among an air pollution parameter and meteorological factors in Al-Hilla town. Data consists of daily averages of three meteorological factors (1.wind speed WS (m/s), 2.air temperature T (°C) and 3.relative humidity RH (%)) also, an air pollution parameter (carbon dioxide CO2) for the period 2015-2016. In order to describe the connection between the 4 variables, the multivariate statistical analysis is used. Multiple linear regression equations are used to express the connection between meteorological parameters which represent the independent variables and concentration of air pollutant which is the dependent variable, by SPSS and Excel software. The result is: decreasing in wind speed and air temperature be accompanied by moderate decreased in CO2 values. Increasing relative humidity be accompanied by moderate increased in CO2 values. Linear regression analysis indicates a moderate level of connection between carbon dioxide CO2 concentrations and the meteorological parameters in Al-Hilla city.

Keywords: Air pollutants, meteorological parameters, correlation coefficient, regression model.

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Analysis of Electrodes Consumption via the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Lead Removal from Simulated Wastewater

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (120-129)

DOI:10.52113/3/eng/mjet/2018-06-02/120-129

Research Article By:

Forat Yasir AlJaberi and Wadood T. Mohammed

Corresponding author E-mail: furat_yasir@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present work is to analyze the phenomenon of electrodes consumption (i.e. anode and cathode electrodes) when it used in a batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of lead from a synthesis wastewater. The studied operational parameters were the electrolysis time (5-60) minute, pH value (2-12), applied current (0.2-2.6)Amperes, and the initial concentration of lead and the stirring speed were fixed at 155ppm and 150rpm respectively. Aluminum concentric tubes were used as electrodes by making the outer and inner as the anode electrode and the rest in between as the cathode electrode. Statistica-10 and Minitab-17 statistical programs were used to analyze responses via response surface methodology (RSM) technique to find the correlations that relate to all variables. The results show that both of electrodes had consumed and increased or decreased in that way belong to the operating variables. Applied current and pH value of the simulated solution were founded as the main effect of electrode consumption.

Keywords: Simulated wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrodes consumption.

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Flexural Performance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Under Elevated Temperatures

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (6), Issue (2), Year (30 December 2018), Pages (113-119)

DOI:10.52113/3/2018-6-2/113-119

Research Article By:

Isam Mohamad Ali and Ali Hadi Adheem

Corresponding author E-mail: ali_isam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Historically, the flexural behavior of hybrid fiber cement composites is not completely understood using the traditional test methods. This research presents the results of an experimental investigations on a high performance cement composites (HPCC) containing both micro steel fibers (SF) and micro polypropylene fibers (PP) before and after elevated temperature exposure. The experimental program was developed to study the flexural performance (flexural strength, toughness and stiffness) under high temperature using mono and hybrid (SF) and (SF + PP) fibers. Mixtures were divided into eight different groups, with constant w/c of 0.28 and different fibers content.
Based on the results of this research, the replacing of micro (SF) in high performance cement composites by 15 % of micro (PP) fibers is recommended at high temperature exposure due to the fact that all hybrid fiber HPCC specimens show slight decreasing in flexural behavior compared to samples reinforced with 1% volume fraction of mono steel fibers after high temperature exposure.

Keywords: Flexural strength, cementitious composites, mono and hybrid fibers, elevated temp, FRC, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber.

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Non-linear analysis to improve punching shear strength in flat slab using z-shape shear reinforcement

Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume (7), Issue (1), Year (30 June 2019), Pages (65-70)

DOI:10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/65-70

Research Article By:

Abdulnasser Mohammed Abbas, Haleem K. Hussain and Ahmed Sagban Saadoon

Corresponding author E-mail: nasser21272@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Currently, flat slabs become one of the widely used structures due to its architectural benefits such as uncomplicated formwork, flexibility and minimum construction time. However, these structures are relatively weak to resist the punching shear due to a considerable lowering in stiffness induced from the development of cracks that resulting from axial and seismic loads. Moreover, the punching failure is considered a brittle failure caused by the transferring of unbalanced moments and shear forces between the structural members. Unfortunately, this may cause a catastrophic collapse, especially in the region of the slab-column. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical studies were done to improve the punching strength of the flat slab. In the current work; a finite element three-dimensional non-linear analysis has simulated by ABAQUS tool to investigate the structural behaviour of flat slab. Two specimens have considered, the first is a flat slab reinforced by ordinary steel reinforcement. While in the second one, a Z-shape shear rebar improvement has been added to the slab-column connection. The proposed model has reflected a reasonable enhancement to the flat slab. The analysis considers different parameters such as punching shear forces, deformations, and stresses of Von-Mises. The outcomes indicate that punching shear strength is increased by approximately 11.1%, and the deflections are decreased by 77.3% when the Z-shape reinforcement is used. In the meantime, stress concentrations were reduced and move from the slab-column connection.

Keywords: Flat slab, punching shear, shear reinforcement, FE analysis, ABAQUS.

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